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Related Concept Videos

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
Cell-mediated Immune Responses01:40

Cell-mediated Immune Responses

Overview
Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity01:26

Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity

An antigen is any substance the immune system identifies as foreign and potentially harmful to the body, prompting an immune response. Antigens have two functional properties: immunogenicity and reactivity. Immunogenicity is the ability of an antigen to stimulate a specific immune response. At the same time, reactivity describes the antigen's ability to react with the cells and antibodies produced in response to it.
Complete Antigens
Complete antigens possess both immunogenicity and reactivity.
Autoimmune Disorders01:29

Autoimmune Disorders

Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, and organs. This results from an overactive immune response against substances and tissues normally present in the body. Let's delve into the concept and mechanism of autoimmune diseases from an immune system point of view, explore different causes and examples of such diseases, and discuss potential solutions.
Concept and Mechanism of Autoimmune Diseases
The immune system...
B Cell Activation and Differentiation01:24

B Cell Activation and Differentiation

The adaptive immune response, a sophisticated defense mechanism, relies on the activation and differentiation of B lymphocytes, or B cells. These processes enable our bodies to mount a tailored response against specific pathogens such as bacteria, free virus particles, toxins, and parasites.
When naive B cells encounter a specific antigen that can bind to the B cell receptor (BCR) on their surface, they undergo sensitization to respond to the antigen's presence. Sensitization begins with...
What is the Immune System?01:38

What is the Immune System?

Overview

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 20, 2026

Determining Immune System Suppression versus CNS Protection for Pharmacological Interventions in Autoimmune Demyelination
09:38

Determining Immune System Suppression versus CNS Protection for Pharmacological Interventions in Autoimmune Demyelination

Published on: September 12, 2016

Brain autoimmunity: the CD8 question(s).

Hartmut Wekerle1, Gurumoorthy Krishnamoorthy

  • 1Max-Planck-Institute of Neurobiology, Am Klopferspitz 18, Martinsried, Germany. mcollins.immunology@verizon.net

Immunity
|July 31, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The purging of central nervous system (CNS)-specific CD8(+) T cell repertoire requires direct contact with antigen-expressing oligodendrocytes. Inflammation can shift this balance, potentially leading to autoimmunity.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroimmunology
  • T cell immunology
  • Central nervous system autoimmunity

Background:

  • CD8(+) T cells play a critical role in adaptive immunity.

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  • The central nervous system (CNS) was once considered immune-privileged.
  • Mechanisms regulating T cell tolerance and activation within the CNS are crucial for preventing autoimmunity.