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Related Concept Videos

Neuroplasticity01:01

Neuroplasticity

Neuroplasticity reflects the brain's remarkable capacity to adapt and evolve, responding dynamically to learning, experiences, or injury by reorganizing its neural circuitry. This reorganization involves creating new neural connections and refining old ones through a series of biological processes that contribute to the brain's lifelong development and adaptability.
Plasticity00:58

Plasticity

Plasticity is the property where an object loses its elasticity and undergoes irreversible deformation, even after the deformation forces are eliminated. If a material deforms irreversibly without increasing stress or load, then this is called ideal plasticity. For example, when a force is applied to an aluminum rod, it changes its shape, but it does not return to its original shape once the force is removed. Plastic deformation or ductility is thus a permanent deformation or change in the...
Cognitive Development During Adulthood01:30

Cognitive Development During Adulthood

Cognitive development continues throughout adulthood, undergoing significant shifts across early, middle, and late stages. Individual transition occurs from adolescent idealism to pragmatic and adaptable thinking in early adulthood. During this period, individuals learn to integrate personal beliefs with the recognition that other perspectives are equally valid. Exposure to the complexities of modern society, diverse experiences, and higher education contribute to this adaptive thought process,...
Association Areas of the Cortex01:21

Association Areas of the Cortex

Association areas are regions of the cerebral cortex that do not have a specific sensory or motor function. Instead, they integrate and interpret information from various sources to enable higher cognitive processes such as memory, learning, and decision-making. Some key association areas include the following:
Prefrontal Association Area: This area is located in the frontal lobe and is involved in planning, decision-making, and moderating social behavior. It connects with primary motor areas,...
Long-term Potentiation01:25

Long-term Potentiation

Long-term potentiation, or LTP, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTP is the process of synaptic strengthening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic strengthening of LTP works in opposition to the synaptic weakening of long-term depression (LTD) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
Hebbian LTP
LTP can occur when presynaptic neurons...
Motor and Sensory Areas of the Cortex01:14

Motor and Sensory Areas of the Cortex

The cerebral cortex, the brain's outermost layer, is pivotal in processing complex cognitive tasks, emotions, and various sensory inputs and executing voluntary motor activities. This intricate structure is divided into three primary functional areas: the motor areas, sensory areas, and association areas.
Motor Areas
The motor areas located in the frontal lobe are central to controlling voluntary movements. This region is further subdivided into the primary motor cortex and the premotor cortex.

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Related Experiment Video

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Monocular Visual Deprivation and Ocular Dominance Plasticity Measurement in the Mouse Primary Visual Cortex
08:42

Monocular Visual Deprivation and Ocular Dominance Plasticity Measurement in the Mouse Primary Visual Cortex

Published on: February 8, 2020

Adult visual cortical plasticity.

Charles D Gilbert1, Wu Li

  • 1The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10021, USA. gilbert@rockefeller.edu

Neuron
|July 31, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The adult visual cortex retains lifelong plasticity, crucial for learning and recovery after brain damage. This involves changes in neural connections, like the association field in V1, which reorganizes to adapt to new visual information.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Visual System Research
  • Cortical Plasticity Studies

Background:

  • The visual cortex exhibits lifelong experience-dependent plasticity.
  • This plasticity is vital for perceptual learning and functional recovery post-CNS damage.
  • Mechanisms include representing visual environment regularities for tasks like contour integration.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the mechanisms of lifelong cortical plasticity in the visual cortex.
  • To understand the role of plasticity in perceptual learning and recovery from neural damage.
  • To investigate the association field in primary visual cortex (V1) and its circuitry.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of experience-dependent changes in the visual cortex.
  • Investigation of cortical plasticity mechanisms, including association fields.
  • Examination of long-range horizontal connections formed by cortical pyramidal cells.

Main Results:

  • Lifelong plasticity in the visual cortex is confirmed, aiding learning and recovery.
  • The association field in V1, involving long-range connections, is key to plasticity.
  • These connections show rapid sprouting and pruning in response to altered sensory input, leading to topographic reorganization.

Conclusions:

  • Cortical plasticity in the visual system is a lifelong capacity.
  • The association field and its associated circuitry are fundamental to visual cortex plasticity.
  • These plasticity mechanisms are essential for both normal visual processing and recovery from neurological injury.