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Experimental Approach to Examine Leptin Signaling in the Carotid Bodies and its Effects on Control of Breathing

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Carotid chemoreceptor development and neonatal apnea.

Peter M MacFarlane¹, Ana P Ribeiro, Richard J Martin

¹Case Western Reserve University, Rainbow Babies & Children's Hospital, 11100 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106-6010, USA. peter.macfarlane@case.edu

Respiratory Physiology & Neurobiology

|July 31, 2012

Summary

Carotid chemoreceptors influence neonatal apnea by affecting breathing control. Xanthine therapy may help prevent apnea in preterm infants with immature respiratory systems.

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Published on: November 19, 2015

Area of Science:

Neonatal physiology
Respiratory control
Neuroscience

Background:

Preterm infants have immature respiratory control, leading to apnea and intermittent hypoxia (IH).
Carotid chemoreceptors are implicated in apnea but their precise role in initiation and termination is unclear.
Postnatal maturation of carotid chemoreceptors correlates with reduced hypoxemic events.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the role of carotid chemoreceptors in neonatal apnea initiation and termination.
To discuss the potential protective role of carotid chemoreceptor sensitization.
To explore xanthine therapy for apnea prevention in neonates.

Main Methods:

Literature review of neonatal respiratory control and carotid chemoreceptor function.
Analysis of studies on intermittent hypoxia and chemoreceptor sensitization in animal models.
Examination of clinical data on apnea and xanthine therapy.

Main Results:

Carotid chemoreceptor input is a significant factor in neonatal apnea.
Chronic intermittent hypoxia may sensitize carotid chemoreceptors, potentially perpetuating or protecting against apnea.
Xanthine therapy is a potential treatment for preventing apnea.

Conclusions:

Carotid chemoreceptors play a complex role in neonatal apnea, influencing both its onset and resolution.
Further research is needed to fully elucidate the dual role of chemoreceptor sensitization.
Xanthine therapy shows promise for managing apnea in preterm infants.