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Hybrid passivated colloidal quantum dot solids.

Alexander H Ip1, Susanna M Thon, Sjoerd Hoogland

  • 1Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 10 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G4, Canada.

Nature Nanotechnology
|July 31, 2012
PubMed
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Colloidal quantum dot (CQD) films show promise for solar cells. A new hybrid passivation method significantly reduces trap states, leading to a record 7.0% efficiency for CQD photovoltaics.

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology
  • Photovoltaics

Background:

  • Colloidal quantum dot (CQD) films offer tunable bandgaps and solution processability.
  • High surface-area-to-volume ratio in CQDs leads to trap states, hindering charge carrier recombination and device performance.
  • Current passivation methods using shorter ligands or halides improve CQD films but a solution-based approach offers better control.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantify midgap trap states in CQD solids and their impact on photovoltaic performance.
  • To investigate the necessity of ligand binding for trap site passivation using theoretical and modeling approaches.
  • To develop an improved passivation strategy for CQD films to enhance solar cell efficiency.

Main Methods:

  • Quantification of midgap trap state densities in CQD solids.

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  • Density functional theory (DFT) and optoelectronic device modeling to assess ligand binding effects.
  • Development of a hybrid passivation scheme involving in-situ halide anion introduction and organic crosslinking.

    • Main Results:

    • CQD photovoltaic performance is limited by electron-hole recombination due to midgap trap states.
    • Theoretical modeling confirmed the importance of specific ligand binding to passivate trap sites.
    • The hybrid passivation scheme effectively passivated previously inaccessible trap sites.
    • A record 7.0% certified efficiency was achieved for a solar cell fabricated using the new CQD solid.

    Conclusions:

    • Reducing midgap trap states is crucial for advancing CQD photovoltaic technology.
    • The developed hybrid passivation strategy offers a viable route to high-performance CQD solar cells.
    • This work establishes a new benchmark for CQD solar cell efficiency.