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Related Concept Videos

Brain Imaging01:14

Brain Imaging

Brain imaging technologies provide critical insights into both the structure and function of the human brain, enabling medical professionals and researchers to diagnose, study, and treat neurological disorders or psychiatric disorders more effectively.
These technologies include computerized axial tomography (CAT or CT scans), positron-emission tomography (PET scans),  magnetic resonance imaging (MRI),  functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), and Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS).

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 20, 2026

3D-Neuronavigation In Vivo Through a Patient's Brain During a Spontaneous Migraine Headache
10:39

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Her versus his migraine: multiple sex differences in brain function and structure.

Nasim Maleki1, Clas Linnman, Jennifer Brawn

  • 1Department of Anaesthesia, Centre for Pain and the Brain, Children's Hospital Boston, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA. nasim.maleki@childrens.harvard.edu

Brain : a Journal of Neurology
|July 31, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Migraine affects females twice as often as males. This study found structural and functional brain differences in female migraineurs, suggesting a distinct

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Medical Imaging
  • Neurobiology

Background:

  • Migraine prevalence is significantly higher in females compared to males, yet underlying biological mechanisms remain unclear.
  • Understanding sex-based differences in migraine pathophysiology is crucial for developing targeted treatments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate sex-specific alterations in brain structure and function in individuals with migraine.
  • To identify differences in brain regions and connectivity patterns between male and female migraineurs.

Main Methods:

  • High-field magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was employed in age-matched groups of interictal migraineurs (both sexes) and healthy controls.
  • Structural MRI assessed cortical thickness, while functional MRI evaluated responses to heat stimuli and functional connectivity.

Main Results:

  • Female migraineurs exhibited thicker posterior insula and precuneus cortices compared to male migraineurs and controls.
  • Functional assessments revealed sex-specific differences in brain responses to heat and distinct patterns of functional connectivity in female migraineurs.
  • These differences suggest a 'sex phenotype' in migraine, involving both structural and functional brain alterations.

Conclusions:

  • Migraine differentially affects the brains of females and males, impacting both structure and function.
  • Emotional circuitry appears more involved in female migraineurs compared to male migraineurs, while sensory processing differences may also exist.
  • These findings highlight the importance of considering sex as a biological variable in migraine research and treatment.