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Related Concept Videos

Recycling Endosomes and Transcytosis00:58

Recycling Endosomes and Transcytosis

The recycling endosome, also known as the endosomal recycling compartment (ERC), is a part of the slow-recycling process of the endocytic pathway. Molecules internalized through receptor-mediated endocytosis are either degraded in the lysosomes or are recycled to the plasma membrane through the fast- or slow-recycling route.
The recycling endosome is not a single organelle but an extensively tubulated network of recycling pathways. It functions in storing molecules or transporting them across...
Export of Misfolded Proteins out of the ER01:32

Export of Misfolded Proteins out of the ER

After folding, the ER assesses the quality of secretory and membrane proteins. The correctly folded proteins are cleared by the calnexin cycle for transport to their final destination, while misfolded proteins are held back in the ER lumen. The ER chaperones attempt to unfold and refold the misfolded proteins but sometimes fail to achieve the correct native conformation. Such terminally misfolded proteins are then exported to the cytosol by ER-associated degradation or ERAD pathway for...
The Proteasome01:13

The Proteasome

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The Proteasome02:18

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Autophagy01:27

Autophagy

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 20, 2026

A Simple and Effective Method to Consistently Isolate Mouse Cardiomyocytes
06:25

A Simple and Effective Method to Consistently Isolate Mouse Cardiomyocytes

Published on: November 11, 2022

Cooperation between proteolytic systems in cardiomyocyte recycling.

Osamu Yamaguchi1, Manabu Taneike, Kinya Otsu

  • 1Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.

Cardiovascular Research
|July 31, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Heart cells rely on protein degradation systems like autophagy and calpain to maintain function. These systems protect the heart, especially during heart failure development.

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Last Updated: May 20, 2026

A Simple and Effective Method to Consistently Isolate Mouse Cardiomyocytes
06:25

A Simple and Effective Method to Consistently Isolate Mouse Cardiomyocytes

Published on: November 11, 2022

Area of Science:

  • Cellular Biology
  • Cardiovascular Science
  • Proteostasis

Background:

  • Cardiomyocytes are terminally differentiated, lacking cell division for protein dilution.
  • Efficient protein and organelle turnover is crucial for cardiomyocyte function and survival.
  • Major proteolytic systems include the ubiquitin-proteasome system, autophagy, and calpains.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the roles of ubiquitin-proteasome system, autophagy, and calpains in cardiomyocyte function.
  • To elucidate the contribution of these proteolytic systems to heart failure development.
  • To understand the cooperative mechanisms between different protein degradation pathways.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized cardiac-specific knockout mouse models.
  • Investigated the impact of manipulating proteolytic systems on cardiac function.
  • Analyzed protein degradation pathways in the context of heart failure.

Main Results:

  • Autophagy and calpain exhibit cardioprotective roles in heart failure.
  • These systems are essential for maintaining cardiac function in terminally differentiated cardiomyocytes.
  • Distinct proteolytic systems demonstrate cooperative interactions.

Conclusions:

  • Autophagy and calpain are key players in protecting the heart against failure.
  • Understanding these degradation systems is vital for cardiac health.
  • Cooperative regulation of proteolytic pathways is critical for cardiomyocyte homeostasis.