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Circadian Rhythms and Gene Regulation

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The biological clock is involved in many aspects of regulating complex physiology in all animals. It was in 1935 when German zoologists, Hans Kalmus and Erwin Bünning, discovered the existence of circadian rhythm in Drosophila melanogaster. However, the internal molecular mechanisms behind the circadian clock remained a mystery until 1984, when Jeffrey C. Hall, Michael Rosbash, and Michael W. Young discovered the expression of the Per gene oscillating over a 24-hour cycle. In subsequent years,...

Circadian Rhythms and Gene Regulation

Circadian Rhythms and Gene Regulation

The biological clock is involved in many aspects of regulating complex physiology in all animals. It was in 1935 when German zoologists, Hans Kalmus and Erwin Bünning, discovered the existence of circadian rhythm in Drosophila melanogaster. However, the internal molecular mechanisms behind the circadian clock remained a mystery until 1984, when Jeffrey C. Hall, Michael Rosbash, and Michael W. Young discovered the expression of the Per gene oscillating over a 24-hour cycle. In subsequent years,...

Biological Clocks and Seasonal Responses

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The circadian—or biological—clock is an intrinsic, timekeeping, molecular mechanism that allows plants to coordinate physiological activities over 24-hour cycles called circadian rhythms. Photoperiodism is a collective term for the biological responses of plants to variations in the relative lengths of dark and light periods. The period of light-exposure is called the photoperiod.

Chronopharmacokinetics: Circadian Rhythms and Influence on Drug Response

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Circadian rhythms are cyclic changes that are crucial in plasma drug concentrations. Various standard circadian parameters, including core body temperature, heart rate, and other cardiovascular factors, directly impact disease states and the therapeutic response to drug therapy.
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Parasympathetic Signaling

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Diencephalon: Hypothalamus and Coordination

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Related Experiment Video

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Parallel Measurement of Circadian Clock Gene Expression and Hormone Secretion in Human Primary Cell Cultures

Parallel Measurement of Circadian Clock Gene Expression and Hormone Secretion in Human Primary Cell Cultures

Published on: November 11, 2016

[Crosstalk between central and peripheral biological clocks].

Satoru Masubuchi¹, Yohko Suzuki, Sato Honma

¹The Matching Program for Innovations in Future Drug Discovery and Medical Care, Research Center for Cooperative Projects, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine.

Nihon Rinsho. Japanese Journal of Clinical Medicine

|August 1, 2012

Summary

The human circadian system has two main oscillators controlling rhythms like sleep and melatonin. Understanding their interaction is key to preventing circadian rhythm disorders.

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Area of Science:

Chronobiology
Neuroscience
Molecular Biology

Context:

Mammalian circadian systems are complex, multi-oscillator networks.
The suprachiasmatic nucleus acts as a central pacemaker, synchronizing peripheral body clocks.
Human circadian regulation is proposed as a dual-oscillator system.

Purpose:

To elucidate the interplay between the two proposed human circadian oscillators.
To investigate the mutual control and feedback mechanisms between melatonin/body temperature rhythms and the sleep-wake cycle.
To understand the influence of light and behavior on circadian rhythm synchronization.

Summary:

The human circadian system exhibits internal desynchronization between oscillator I (melatonin, body temperature) and oscillator II (sleep-wake) under specific conditions.
While oscillator II's influence on oscillator I is weak in dim light, behavioral factors like sleep-wake patterns modulate light input to oscillator I.
This interaction creates a feedback loop influencing both oscillators under normal lighting conditions.

Impact:

Provides insights into the mechanisms underlying circadian rhythm regulation in humans.
Highlights the importance of understanding oscillator crosstalk for preventing circadian rhythm-related diseases.
Contributes to the broader field of chronobiology and its clinical applications.