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Related Concept Videos

Nondisjunction01:21

Nondisjunction

Nondisjunction is the failure of homologous chromosomes or sister chromatids to separate correctly and move to the opposite poles of the cells. This produces daughter cells with abnormal chromosome numbers.  Nondisjunction is common during anaphase I or anaphase II of meiosis.  Mutations in synaptonemal complex proteins that attach homologous chromosomes increase the chances of nondisjunction in anaphase I of meiosis I. In contrast, mutations in topoisomerases and condensins that hold sister...
CRISPR01:59

CRISPR

Genome editing technologies allow scientists to modify an organism’s DNA via the addition, removal, or rearrangement of genetic material at specific genomic locations. These types of techniques could potentially be used to cure genetic disorders such as hemophilia and sickle cell anemia. One popular and widely used DNA-editing research tool that could lead to safe and effective cures for genetic disorders is the CRISPR-Cas9 system. CRISPR-Cas9 stands for Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short...
Embryonic Stem Cells00:57

Embryonic Stem Cells

Embryonic stem (ES) cells were first discovered in mice in 1981 by Martin Evans. In 1998, James Thomson identified a method to isolate embryonic stem cells from humans. Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are obtained from 3-5 day old embryos that remain unused after an in vitro fertilization procedure.
ES cells are grown in a culture medium where they can divide indefinitely, creating ES cell lines. Under certain conditions, ES cells can differentiate, either spontaneously into a variety of...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 20, 2026

Semiconductor Sequencing for Preimplantation Genetic Testing for Aneuploidy
09:03

Semiconductor Sequencing for Preimplantation Genetic Testing for Aneuploidy

Published on: August 25, 2019

Eugenic selection benefits embryos.

Mark Walker

    Bioethics
    |August 1, 2012
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Pre-implantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) may benefit embryos by selecting for higher wellbeing. This challenges the idea that PGD does not benefit embryos not selected for implantation.

    Keywords:
    eugenicsmoral standingmoral statusnon-identity problempre-implantation genetic diagnosiswellbeing

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    Area of Science:

    • Reproductive Medicine
    • Bioethics
    • Genetics

    Background:

    • Pre-implantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) involves testing embryos before implantation.
    • PGD is used for selecting embryos with specific genetic traits.
    • The ethical implications for embryos not selected for implantation remain debated.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To determine if PGD, including trait selection, benefits potential supernumerary embryos.
    • To analyze the ethical considerations of PGD concerning embryo wellbeing.
    • To address the non-identity problem in the context of PGD and embryo selection.

    Main Methods:

    • Hypothetical argumentation regarding embryo benefit and harm.
    • Analysis of PGD's impact on embryo selection and wellbeing.
    • Examination of the 'non-identity' problem in reproductive ethics.

    Main Results:

    • PGD, when selecting for embryos with the highest expected wellbeing, hypothetically benefits potential supernumerary embryos.
    • The 'non-identity' problem does not preclude the possibility of benefiting supernumerary embryos through PGD.
    • Ethical selection for wellbeing is argued to be beneficial for all embryos within a cohort.

    Conclusions:

    • PGD's selection process can be framed as beneficial to potential supernumerary embryos.
    • Ethical considerations of PGD must account for the potential wellbeing of all embryos.
    • Further ethical debate is warranted on the definition and measurement of embryo wellbeing in PGD.