Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Relative Motion Analysis using Rotating Axes - Acceleration01:22

Relative Motion Analysis using Rotating Axes - Acceleration

Consider a component AB undergoing a linear motion. Along with a linear motion, point B also rotates around point A. To comprehend this complex movement, position vectors for both points A and B are established using a stationary reference frame. The absolute velocity of point B is determined by adding the absolute velocity of point A, the relative velocity of point B in the rotating frame, and the effects caused by the angular velocity within the rotating frame.
Time differentiation is...
Relative Motion Analysis - Acceleration01:10

Relative Motion Analysis - Acceleration

A slider-crank mechanism converts rotational motion from the crank into linear motion of the slider or vice versa. This mechanism consists of three main parts: the crank, the connecting rod, and the slider. The movement of the slider-crank is an example of general plane motion as the fluctuating angle between the crank and the connecting rod. Consider a segment AB where point A is at the end of the slider and point B is on the diametrically opposite end to point A, on a crack. The variance in...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Hybrid III lumbar spinal column injury risk curves from vertical impact.

Journal of the mechanical behavior of biomedical materials·2026
Same author

Minor endplate damage as an initiator of systemic biomechanical disruption of the lumbar disc: a finite element analysis of the 'mechanical tipping point' in disc failure.

European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society·2026
Same author

Lung injury risk curves for behind armor blunt trauma using the abbreviated injury scoring system.

Journal of the mechanical behavior of biomedical materials·2026
Same author

Acceleration corridors of small female post-mortem human subjects in near-side and far-side frontal oblique impacts.

Journal of biomechanics·2026
Same author

Intramedullary Strain During Neck Extension is Associated with Microstructural Spinal Cord Injury in Degenerative Cervical Myelopathy.

Annals of biomedical engineering·2026
Same author

Effect of rear impact on the instrumented cervical spine: a finite element study.

Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 20, 2026

A Test Bed to Examine Helmet Fit and Retention and Biomechanical Measures of Head and Neck Injury in Simulated Impact
07:30

A Test Bed to Examine Helmet Fit and Retention and Biomechanical Measures of Head and Neck Injury in Simulated Impact

Published on: September 21, 2017

Eurosid-2 dummy head-neck responses to lateral acceleration.

John Humm1, Narayan Yoganandan, Brian Stemper

  • 1Medical College of Wisconsin.

Biomedical Sciences Instrumentation
|August 1, 2012
PubMed
Summary

This study characterized ES-2 head and neck responses to low-velocity lateral impacts. Results show forces and moments increase with velocity, with higher moments at the lower neck, and a characteristic head lag similar to human responses.

More Related Videos

Three Dimensional Vestibular Ocular Reflex Testing Using a Six Degrees of Freedom Motion Platform
10:12

Three Dimensional Vestibular Ocular Reflex Testing Using a Six Degrees of Freedom Motion Platform

Published on: May 23, 2013

Simulation of Human-induced Vibrations Based on the Characterized In-field Pedestrian Behavior
10:52

Simulation of Human-induced Vibrations Based on the Characterized In-field Pedestrian Behavior

Published on: April 13, 2016

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 20, 2026

A Test Bed to Examine Helmet Fit and Retention and Biomechanical Measures of Head and Neck Injury in Simulated Impact
07:30

A Test Bed to Examine Helmet Fit and Retention and Biomechanical Measures of Head and Neck Injury in Simulated Impact

Published on: September 21, 2017

Three Dimensional Vestibular Ocular Reflex Testing Using a Six Degrees of Freedom Motion Platform
10:12

Three Dimensional Vestibular Ocular Reflex Testing Using a Six Degrees of Freedom Motion Platform

Published on: May 23, 2013

Simulation of Human-induced Vibrations Based on the Characterized In-field Pedestrian Behavior
10:52

Simulation of Human-induced Vibrations Based on the Characterized In-field Pedestrian Behavior

Published on: April 13, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Biomechanics
  • Injury Biomechanics
  • Head and Neck Injury

Background:

  • Understanding head and neck injury mechanisms is crucial for developing effective safety systems.
  • The ES-2 head and neck model is a common tool for simulating human responses to impact.
  • Limited data exists on the ES-2 model's response to low-velocity lateral impacts.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize the biomechanical response of the ES-2 head and neck model to lateral impacts.
  • To quantify forces, moments, and kinematic responses at varying low impact velocities.
  • To compare ES-2 model responses to known human head and neck complex responses.

Main Methods:

  • Used a pendulum and mini sled to deliver controlled lateral impacts to an isolated ES-2 head and neck.
  • Instrumented the head with accelerometers and the neck with load cells to measure forces and moments.
  • Utilized a 3D motion capture system (Vicon) to record head and neck kinematics.
  • Conducted 18 tests at impact velocities ranging from 1.0 to 4.3 m/s.

Main Results:

  • All measured forces and moments increased with impact velocity.
  • Peak axial and shear forces were similar at the upper and lower neck.
  • Lower neck moments were up to three times higher than upper neck moments.
  • A characteristic head lag, observed in human studies, was present above 1.0 m/s.

Conclusions:

  • The ES-2 head and neck model exhibits velocity-dependent responses to lateral impacts.
  • The model demonstrates a head lag phenomenon consistent with human responses.
  • Further validation with Post Mortem Human Subjects is needed to confirm biofidelity.