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Related Concept Videos

Signs of Puberty01:27

Signs of Puberty

Puberty is a critical phase, typically beginning between the ages of 8 and 13 in girls and 9 and 14 in boys, though timing can vary based on genetics, environmental factors, and overall health. This period is characterized by the development of secondary sexual characteristics and the attainment of reproductive potential. Endocrine changes underpin puberty, with hormonal surges of Luteinizing Hormone (LH) and Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH) instigated by Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH)...
Psychosexual Stages of Personality: Latency01:16

Psychosexual Stages of Personality: Latency

Following the phallic stage in Freud's theory of psychosexual development, children enter a phase called the latency period, which lasts from approximately six to twelve years of age. Unlike earlier stages, where sexual impulses played a central role, Freud believed these impulses are repressed during the latency period, becoming part of the unconscious. This stage is often described as a time of psychological calm after the turbulence of the phallic stage.
The latency period is not considered...
Conduct Disorder01:28

Conduct Disorder

Conduct disorder is a complex mental health diagnosis characterized by a repetitive and persistent pattern of behavior that violates societal norms, the rights of others, or age-appropriate rules. The diagnostic criteria for conduct disorder require the presence of at least three problematic behaviors within the past 12 months, with at least one occurring in the past six months. These behaviors are grouped into four categories: aggression toward people and animals; destruction of property;...
Nature and Nurture01:10

Nature and Nurture

Many human characteristics, like height, are shaped by both nature—in other words, by our genes—and by nurture, or our environment. For example, chronic stress during childhood inhibits the production of growth hormones and consequently reduces bone growth and height. Scientists estimate that 70-90% of variation in height is due to genetic differences among individuals, and 10-30% of variation in height is due to differences in the environments that individuals experience, such as differences...
Menopause01:28

Menopause

Menopause, a natural biological process marking the end of a woman's fertility, typically occurs between the fifth and sixth decade of life. This phase is characterized by the exhaustion of the ovarian follicle pool, leading to less responsive ovaries despite the high levels of Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) and Luteinizing Hormone (LH). The consequential decrease in estrogen production results in symptoms like hot flashes, heavy sweating, headaches, hair loss, muscle pains, vaginal...
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder01:30

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. It affects approximately 5-8% of children globally, with around 60-70% of cases persisting into adulthood. ADHD has significant implications for educational attainment, social interactions, and occupational success.
Diagnostic Criteria and Symptoms
To diagnose ADHD, symptoms must manifest before age 12 and be evident across multiple settings.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 20, 2026

Determination of Reproductive Competence by Confirming Pubertal Onset and Performing a Fertility Assay in Mice and Rats
06:38

Determination of Reproductive Competence by Confirming Pubertal Onset and Performing a Fertility Assay in Mice and Rats

Published on: October 13, 2018

Delayed puberty.

Patrick Fenichel1

  • 1Service d'Endocrinologie et Médecine de la Reproduction, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Nice, Hôpital de L'Archet, Nice, France.

Endocrine Development
|August 1, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Delayed puberty and primary amenorrhea require thorough clinical evaluation. Investigations help determine the cause, predict outcomes, and guide treatment for optimal health.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Endocrinology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Puberty onset varies significantly between individuals and populations.
  • While some genes regulating the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis are known, many remain unidentified.
  • Delayed puberty and primary amenorrhea necessitate a systematic diagnostic approach.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline the diagnostic process for delayed puberty and primary amenorrhea.
  • To differentiate between permanent sexual infantilism and spontaneous but delayed puberty.
  • To inform therapeutic strategies considering various etiological, prognostic, and psychological factors.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive clinical examination, including detailed history and assessment of secondary sexual characteristics.

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Rodent Estrous Cycle Monitoring Utilizing Vaginal Lavage: No Such Thing As a Normal Cycle

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 20, 2026

Determination of Reproductive Competence by Confirming Pubertal Onset and Performing a Fertility Assay in Mice and Rats
06:38

Determination of Reproductive Competence by Confirming Pubertal Onset and Performing a Fertility Assay in Mice and Rats

Published on: October 13, 2018

A Hyperandrogenic Mouse Model to Study Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
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A Hyperandrogenic Mouse Model to Study Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

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  • Evaluation for growth delay and specific features indicative of etiology.
  • Utilizing biological, ultrasonographic, radiological, and genetic investigations as needed.

    • Main Results:

    • Clinical assessment combined with investigations can identify girls with permanent sexual infantilism (gonadal, hypophyseal, or hypothalamic origin).
    • The diagnostic workup helps distinguish these cases from those experiencing spontaneous but delayed puberty.
    • It also aids in identifying girls with primary amenorrhea despite developed secondary sexual characteristics.

    Conclusions:

    • A thorough etiological diagnosis is crucial for managing delayed puberty and primary amenorrhea.
    • Treatment decisions must integrate causative factors, growth prognosis, bone health, and psychological well-being.
    • Further research is needed to identify the numerous genes that regulate the onset of puberty.