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Healthcare Associated Infections I: Iatrogenic, Exogenic and Endogenic01:26

Healthcare Associated Infections I: Iatrogenic, Exogenic and Endogenic

Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) occur in a healthcare facility while a person receives care for another ailment. This category also includes work-related infections among healthcare staff.
HAIs significantly increase the cost of health care. Extended stays in healthcare institutions, increased disability, increased costs of medications, including specialized antibiotics, and prolonged recovery times add to the patient's expenses and the healthcare institution and funding bodies. Common...
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Introduction:Endocarditis is the infection of the endocardium, the inner lining of the heart and its valves. When the heart muscle is involved, the condition is termed myocarditis, while an infection of the outer lining is called pericarditis. Infective endocarditis (IE) primarily affects the endocardium, where pathogens adhere to the valves or lining, forming vegetation that can lead to severe complications. Infective endocarditis occurs when microorganisms, usually bacteria from other body...
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Staphylococcus aureus is a Gram-positive coccus that resides harmlessly on the skin and mucous membranes of healthy individuals. When the skin barrier is breached, it can shift from a commensal to an opportunistic pathogen. This transition is facilitated by surface adhesins, such as clumping factor B and S. aureus surface protein G (SasG), which bind to structural proteins, including loricrin and cytokeratin, in the damaged epidermis. Protein A, another key factor, binds the Fc region of...
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Healthcare Associated Infections II: Preventive Measures

Essential infection prevention measures are based on the knowledge of the infection chain, the modes of transmission in healthcare settings, and the use of the best practices in all healthcare settings. Compulsory public reporting of healthcare-associated infection rates is needed to allow individuals and the community to make informed choices regarding selecting a healthcare facility.
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A Periprosthetic Joint Candida albicans Infection Model in Mouse
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Prosthetic joint infections.

Saima Aslam1, Rabih O Darouiche

  • 1Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 200 W. Arbor Drive, NARF 307, MC 8415, San Diego, CA, 92103, USA, saslam@ucsd.edu.

Current Infectious Disease Reports
|August 1, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Prosthetic joint infections are a significant challenge. Optimal management requires considering infection details, pathogen susceptibility, tissue condition, and patient factors for effective treatment.

Area of Science:

  • Orthopedics
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Prosthetic joint infections (PJIs) pose a substantial clinical and patient burden.
  • Effective management strategies for PJIs are crucial for successful patient outcomes.
  • Understanding PJIs involves diverse factors from predisposing conditions to pathogen characteristics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive review of prosthetic joint infections.
  • To outline key aspects including predisposing factors, pathogenesis, microbiology, diagnosis, treatment, and prophylaxis.
  • To emphasize the individualized approach needed for optimal PJI management.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of predisposing factors, pathogenesis, microbiology, diagnosis, treatment, and prophylaxis of PJIs.

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  • Synthesis of current knowledge on PJI management.
  • Analysis of critical factors influencing treatment decisions.

    • Main Results:

    • PJIs are complex, influenced by numerous factors.
    • Diagnosis relies on a combination of clinical, microbiological, and imaging findings.
    • Treatment strategies vary widely based on specific case parameters.

    Conclusions:

    • Optimal prosthetic joint infection management is multifactorial.
    • Treatment decisions must be tailored to the specific infection, pathogen, host factors, and patient preferences.
    • A thorough understanding of all PJI aspects is essential for clinicians.