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Quantification of Monocyte Transmigration and Foam Cell Formation from Individuals with Chronic Inflammatory Conditions
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Making a difference: monocyte heterogeneity in cardiovascular disease.

Ingo Hilgendorf1, Filip K Swirski

  • 1Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Simches Research Building, 185 Cambridge St., Boston, MA 02114, USA. hilgendorf.ingo@mgh.harvard.edu

Current Atherosclerosis Reports
|August 1, 2012
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Summary

Monocytes, crucial immune cells, originate beyond the bone marrow and exhibit diverse functions. This review explores monocyte subsets in mice and humans, focusing on their roles in atherosclerosis.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology
  • Cardiovascular Research

Background:

  • Monocytes are traditionally viewed as bone marrow precursors of macrophages.
  • Emerging evidence indicates monocytes have broader origins and functions beyond this classical definition.
  • Monocyte heterogeneity extends to their development and functional capabilities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the ontogeny and functional heterogeneity of monocytes and their subsets.
  • To examine monocyte subsets in mice (Ly-6C high/low) and humans (CD14+/dim/- CD16+/-).
  • To discuss the role of monocytes in the context of atherosclerosis and its complications.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on monocyte development and function.
  • Comparative analysis of mouse and human monocyte subsets.
  • Integration of findings related to atherosclerosis pathogenesis.

Main Results:

  • Monocytes do not exclusively develop in the bone marrow.
  • Monocytes give rise to a subset of, but not all, macrophages and dendritic cells.
  • Monocyte subsets display distinct functional and developmental characteristics.

Conclusions:

  • Monocyte development and function are more complex than previously understood.
  • Understanding monocyte heterogeneity is key to deciphering their role in atherosclerosis.
  • Further research into monocyte subsets can inform therapeutic strategies for cardiovascular diseases.