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Related Concept Videos

Problem-Solving01:29

Problem-Solving

Effective problem-solving consists of two steps: 1. identifying the problem and 2. selecting the appropriate problem-solving strategy (i.e., a plan of action used to find a solution). Humans use four problem-solving strategies:
Cognitive Learning01:21

Cognitive Learning

Cognitive learning is based on purposive behavior, incidental learning, and insight learning.
E. C. Tolman's theory of purposive behavior emphasizes that much behavior is goal-directed. He argued that to understand behavior, we must look at the entire sequence of actions leading to a goal. For instance, high school students study hard, not just due to past reinforcement but also to achieve the goal of getting into a good college.
Tolman introduced the idea that behavior is influenced by...
Piaget's Stage 2 of Cognitive Development01:14

Piaget's Stage 2 of Cognitive Development

The preoperational stage, the second of Jean Piaget's four stages of cognitive development, spans approximately ages 2 to 7 and is characterized by the emergence of symbolic thinking. During this stage, children use language, images, and symbols to represent objects and concepts, enabling them to engage in imaginative and pretend play. This symbolic thinking supports children's ability to perform make-believe actions, such as imagining a broom as a horse or their hand as a phone, blending...
Piaget's Theory of Cognitive Development from Childhood into Adulthood01:25

Piaget's Theory of Cognitive Development from Childhood into Adulthood

Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development emphasizes the role of thinking in a child's learning process, suggesting that children are naturally curious about their environment. His approach to development is discontinuous, proposing that cognitive abilities progress through distinct stages, each with unique characteristics. Central to Piaget's theory is schemata—mental structures that allow individuals to understand and interpret the world.
Schemata: Building Blocks of Knowledge
Schemata...
Piaget's Stage 3 of Cognitive Development01:17

Piaget's Stage 3 of Cognitive Development

During Piaget's concrete operational stage, from ages 7 to 11, children exhibit a marked increase in logical thinking skills, specifically in relation to tangible, real-world events. This stage is characterized by the development of several essential cognitive concepts, including conservation, reversibility, and classification, all of which support the child's evolving capacity for structured thought.
Conservation and Constancy of Quantity
A significant cognitive milestone in the concrete...
Piaget's Stage 4 of Cognitive Development01:19

Piaget's Stage 4 of Cognitive Development

The formal operational stage, as described in Piaget's cognitive development theory, begins around age 11 and extends into adulthood. It marks the emergence of advanced cognitive abilities that differentiate adolescent and adult thinking from those of younger children. This stage is characterized by abstract reasoning, hypothetical-deductive reasoning, and a more complex understanding of self and others.
Abstract Reasoning and Hypothetical-Deductive Thinking
Unlike the concrete operational...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 20, 2026

An Experimental Analysis of Children's Ability to Provide a False Report about a Crime
07:36

An Experimental Analysis of Children's Ability to Provide a False Report about a Crime

Published on: May 3, 2016

How do children solve Aesop's Fable?

Lucy G Cheke1, Elsa Loissel, Nicola S Clayton

  • 1Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.

Plos One
|August 1, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Children aged 5-7 performed similarly to crows on Aesop's Fable tasks, while older children quickly mastered them. This suggests children may use different learning mechanisms than birds, unaffected by counter-intuitive cues.

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The Modified Temptation Resistance Task: A Paradigm to Elicit Children's Strategic Lie-telling
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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 20, 2026

An Experimental Analysis of Children's Ability to Provide a False Report about a Crime
07:36

An Experimental Analysis of Children's Ability to Provide a False Report about a Crime

Published on: May 3, 2016

The Modified Temptation Resistance Task: A Paradigm to Elicit Children's Strategic Lie-telling
06:51

The Modified Temptation Resistance Task: A Paradigm to Elicit Children's Strategic Lie-telling

Published on: April 6, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Development
  • Comparative Psychology
  • Animal Cognition

Background:

  • Corvids demonstrate impressive problem-solving skills using the "Aesop's Fable" paradigm.
  • These studies suggest an interaction between associative learning and intuitive physics in birds.
  • Understanding how these abilities develop in humans is crucial for comparative cognitive research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if children exhibit similar problem-solving strategies as corvids on "Aesop's Fable" tasks.
  • To compare the learning mechanisms employed by children and adult birds.
  • To determine the developmental trajectory of intuitive physics understanding in children.

Main Methods:

  • Children aged 4-10 years were tested on a series of "Aesop's Fable" tasks.
  • Performance was recorded across different tasks, comparing success rates and learning patterns.
  • Data was analyzed to identify age-related differences and compare with established corvid performance.

Main Results:

  • Children aged 5-7 years showed performance comparable to that of corvids.
  • Children aged 8 years and older succeeded in all tasks from the first trial.
  • Performance patterns indicated that children's learning may not be influenced by counter-intuitive cues, unlike corvids.

Conclusions:

  • Children's cognitive abilities develop significantly between ages 5-8, surpassing corvid performance.
  • The study suggests that children's problem-solving might rely on different cognitive mechanisms than those of adult corvids.
  • Children's potential lack of sensitivity to counter-intuitive cues warrants further investigation into human intuitive physics development.