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Related Concept Videos

Tumor Progression

Tumor Progression

Tumor progression is a phenomenon where the pre-formed tumor acquires successive mutations to become clinically more aggressive and malignant. In the 1950s, Foulds first described the stepwise progression of cancer cells through successive stages.
Colon cancer is one of the best-documented examples of tumor progression. Early mutation in the APC gene in colon cells causes a small growth on the colon wall called a polyp. With time, this polyp grows into a benign, pre-cancerous tumor. Further...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 20, 2026

Evaluation of Colorectal Cancer Risk and Prevalence by Stool DNA Integrity Detection

Evaluation of Colorectal Cancer Risk and Prevalence by Stool DNA Integrity Detection

Published on: June 8, 2020

Comprehensive mutation analysis in colorectal flat adenomas.

Quirinus J M Voorham¹, Beatriz Carvalho, Angela J Spiertz

¹Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

|August 1, 2012

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Flat colorectal adenomas show fewer APC mutations than polypoid types, suggesting different Wnt-pathway disruption mechanisms. Key RAS-RAF-MAPK pathway gene mutations were not significantly associated with morphology.

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Published on: August 20, 2018

Area of Science:

Gastroenterology
Molecular Biology
Cancer Genetics

Background:

Flat colorectal adenomas exhibit distinct biology and potentially more aggressive behavior than polypoid adenomas.
Understanding the molecular differences between these phenotypes is crucial for clinical management.

Purpose of the Study:

To compare the mutation spectrum of 14 key cancer genes between flat and polypoid colorectal adenomas.
To investigate potential differences in Wnt-pathway and RAS-RAF-MAPK pathway alterations based on adenoma morphology.

Main Methods:

Retrospective analysis of 106 flat and 93 polypoid adenomas.
High-throughput genotyping for mutations in KRAS, BRAF, PIK3CA, NRAS, CTNNB1, EGFR, FBXW7, PTEN, STK11, MAP2K4, SMAD4, PIK3R1, and PDGFRA.
Direct sequencing for APC mutations.

Main Results:

APC mutations were significantly less frequent in flat adenomas (30.3%) compared to polypoid adenomas (48.5%, p=0.02).
Frequencies of KRAS, BRAF, NRAS, FBXW7, and CTNNB1 mutations were similar between flat and polypoid adenomas.
No significant differences in mutations were observed among subtypes of flat adenomas (0-IIa, LST-F, LST-G).

Conclusions:

Lower APC mutation rates in flat adenomas suggest alternative Wnt-pathway activation mechanisms compared to polypoid adenomas.
Results indicate no significant association between adenoma morphology and mutations in the RAS-RAF-MAPK pathway genes.
These findings contribute to understanding the distinct molecular underpinnings of colorectal adenoma phenotypes.