Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Prochirality

Prochirality

The concept of prochirality leads to the nomenclature of the individual faces of a molecule and plays a crucial role in the enantioselective reaction. It is a concept where two or more achiral molecules react to produce chiral products. A typical process is the reaction of an achiral ketone to generate a chiral alcohol. Here, the achiral reactant reacts with an achiral reducing agent, sodium borohydride, to generate an equimolar mixture of the chiral enantiomers of the product. For example, an...

Woodward–Hoffmann Selection Rules and Microscopic Reversibility

Woodward–Hoffmann Selection Rules and Microscopic Reversibility

Electrocyclic reactions, cycloadditions, and sigmatropic rearrangements are concerted pericyclic reactions that proceed via a cyclic transition state. These reactions are stereospecific and regioselective. The stereochemistry of the products depends on the symmetry characteristics of the interacting orbitals and the reaction conditions. Accordingly, pericyclic reactions are classified as either symmetry-allowed or symmetry-forbidden. Woodward and Hoffmann presented the selection criteria for...

Aromatic Hydrocarbon Cations: Structural Overview

Aromatic Hydrocarbon Cations: Structural Overview

Cycloheptatriene is a neutral monocyclic unsaturated hydrocarbon that consists of an odd number of carbon atoms and an intervening sp3 carbon in the ring. The three double bonds in the ring correspond to 6 π electrons, which is a Huckel number, and therefore satisfies the criteria of 4n + 2 π electrons. However, the intervening sp3 carbon disrupts the continuous overlap of p orbitals. As a result, cycloheptatriene is not aromatic.
Removing one hydrogen from the intervening CH2 group with both...

Stereoisomerism of Cyclic Compounds

Stereoisomerism of Cyclic Compounds

In this lesson, we delve into the role of ring conformation and its stability, which determines the spatial arrangement and, consequently, the molecular symmetry and stereoisomerism of cyclic compounds. 1,2-Dimethylcyclohexane is used as a case study to evaluate the possible number of stereoisomers. Here, given the multiple (n = 2) chiral centers, there are 2n = 4 possible configurations that lack a plane of symmetry, as the ring skeleton exists in a non-planar chair conformation. In addition,...

Frost Circles for Different Conjugated Systems

Frost Circles for Different Conjugated Systems

The inscribed polygon method is consistent with Hückel’s 4n + 2 rule and helps to learn whether the given cyclic compound is aromatic or not. The compound is stable and aromatic if every bonding molecular orbital (MO) is completely filled with a pair of electrons. However, if the non-bonding or antibonding orbitals are filled with electrons, the compound is unstable and not aromatic. Consider the Frost circle diagrams for cycloalkenes containing 4 to 8 carbons.

Aromatic Hydrocarbon Anions: Structural Overview

Aromatic Hydrocarbon Anions: Structural Overview

Neutral hydrocarbons like cyclopentadiene with an odd number of carbon atoms and one intervening CH2 group in the ring are not aromatic. Cyclopentadiene with 4 π electrons does not satisfy the 4n + 2 π electron rule. Additionally, the intervening CH2 group is sp3 hybridized and lacks a vacant p orbital, thereby interrupting the overlap of p orbitals in a continuous manner and preventing the delocalization of π electrons throughout the ring.
Due to the absence of continuous overlap of p...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Polarization Effects of the Heavier Group 14 Elements on Vinylic Carbon-Carbon Double Bonds: Enabling an Unusual π-Coordination of Copper(I) Iodide in Coordination Polymers.

Inorganic chemistry·2026

Same author

Fluxional Halogen Bonds Versus Interlayer Stacking - Theory Meets Experiment.

Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)·2025

Same author

A multifunctional fluorescent probe for detecting metal cations based on a novel zinc coordination polymer.

Spectrochimica acta. Part A, Molecular and biomolecular spectroscopy·2025

Same author

Amphoteric Zinc(II) Hydride Cations [ZnH]<sup>+</sup>: Effect of a Bipyridyl Ligand.

Inorganic chemistry·2025

Same author

Intramolecular Halogen Bonds Assist in Activating Carbonyl Groups for the Catalytic Synthesis of Bis(indolyl)methanes.

Chemistry, an Asian journal·2025

Same author

Experimental Spin State Determination of Iron(II) Complexes by Hirshfeld Atom Refinement.

Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)·2024

Same journal

Intermolecular C-H···O, Cl···Cl and π-π interactions in the 2-dichloromethyl derivative of vitamin K3.

Acta crystallographica. Section C, Crystal structure communications·2013

Same journal

Isolation, pharmacological activity and structure determination of physalin B and 5β,6β-epoxyphysalin B isolated from Congolese Physalis angulata L.

Acta crystallographica. Section C, Crystal structure communications·2013

Same journal

Transannular S···N interactions in 10-ethynyl-10H-phenothiazine 5-oxide and 5,5-dioxide.

Acta crystallographica. Section C, Crystal structure communications·2013

Same journal

Two polymorphs of 2-ethyl-3-hydroxy-6-methylpyridinium hydrogen N-acetyl-L-glutamate from powder diffraction data.

Acta crystallographica. Section C, Crystal structure communications·2013

Same journal

Three-dimensional hydrogen-bonded assembly in 2,2'-disulfanylidene-5,5'-biimidazolidinylidene-4,4'-dione-dimethylformamide-water (3/2/4).

Acta crystallographica. Section C, Crystal structure communications·2013

Same journal

Head-to-tail square-shaped cyclic hydrogen bonds leading to dimeric aggregates: 1,8-dibenzoyl-2,7-dihydroxynaphthalene and a comparison with its analogous benzoylnaphthalene.

Acta crystallographica. Section C, Crystal structure communications·2013

See all related articles

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 20, 2026

Construction and Systematical Symmetric Studies of a Series of Supramolecular Clusters with Binary or Ternary Ammonium Triphenylacetates

Construction and Systematical Symmetric Studies of a Series of Supramolecular Clusters with Binary or Ternary Ammonium Triphenylacetates

Published on: February 15, 2016

Pseudosymmetry in a cyclopalladated compound.

William Raven¹, Irmgard Kalf, Ulli Englert

¹Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Germany.

Acta Crystallographica. Section C, Crystal Structure Communications

|August 2, 2012

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This study details the crystallization of an enantiomerically pure palladium(II) complex. The complex forms a discrete hydrogen-bonded aggregate with acetone in the crystal structure.

More Related Videos

Efficient Construction of Drug-like Bispirocyclic Scaffolds Via Organocatalytic Cycloadditions of α-Imino γ-Lactones and Alkylidene Pyrazolones

Efficient Construction of Drug-like Bispirocyclic Scaffolds Via Organocatalytic Cycloadditions of α-Imino γ-Lactones and Alkylidene Pyrazolones

Published on: February 7, 2019

Accessing Valuable Ligand Supports for Transition Metals: A Modified, Intermediate Scale Preparation of 1,2,3,4,5-Pentamethylcyclopentadiene

Accessing Valuable Ligand Supports for Transition Metals: A Modified, Intermediate Scale Preparation of 1,2,3,4,5-Pentamethylcyclopentadiene

Published on: March 20, 2017

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 20, 2026

Construction and Systematical Symmetric Studies of a Series of Supramolecular Clusters with Binary or Ternary Ammonium Triphenylacetates

Construction and Systematical Symmetric Studies of a Series of Supramolecular Clusters with Binary or Ternary Ammonium Triphenylacetates

Published on: February 15, 2016

Efficient Construction of Drug-like Bispirocyclic Scaffolds Via Organocatalytic Cycloadditions of α-Imino γ-Lactones and Alkylidene Pyrazolones

Efficient Construction of Drug-like Bispirocyclic Scaffolds Via Organocatalytic Cycloadditions of α-Imino γ-Lactones and Alkylidene Pyrazolones

Published on: February 7, 2019

Accessing Valuable Ligand Supports for Transition Metals: A Modified, Intermediate Scale Preparation of 1,2,3,4,5-Pentamethylcyclopentadiene

Accessing Valuable Ligand Supports for Transition Metals: A Modified, Intermediate Scale Preparation of 1,2,3,4,5-Pentamethylcyclopentadiene

Published on: March 20, 2017

Area of Science:

Organometallic Chemistry
Crystallography
Coordination Chemistry

Background:

Palladium complexes are vital in catalysis and materials science.
Understanding the solid-state structure of chiral organopalladium complexes is crucial for developing stereoselective reactions.

Purpose of the Study:

To characterize the crystal structure of an enantiomerically pure palladium(II) complex.
To investigate the self-assembly and hydrogen-bonding interactions in the solid state.

Main Methods:

Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis was employed.
The crystallographic data were analyzed to determine molecular and crystal structure.

Main Results:

The title complex, [Pd(C(8)H(10)N)Cl(C(9)H(7)N)], crystallizes as an acetone hemisolvate.
Four molecules of the complex and two molecules of acetone form the asymmetric unit.
A discrete hydrogen-bonded aggregate was observed, with pseudo-inversion symmetry relating these units.

Conclusions:

The study provides detailed structural insights into a chiral organopalladium complex.
The observed hydrogen-bonded aggregate highlights supramolecular assembly in the solid state.
This structural information can aid in the design of new palladium-based catalysts.