Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Oligosaccharide Assembly01:24

Oligosaccharide Assembly

Protein glycosylation starts in the ER lumen and continues in the Golgi apparatus. Glycosyltransferases catalyze the addition of sugar molecules or glycosylation of proteins. Usually, these enzymes add sugars to the hydroxyl groups of selected serine or threonine residues to form O-linked glycans or the amino groups of asparagine residues to form N-linked glycans. Different positions on the same polypeptide chain can contain differently linked glycans.
Multiple sugar molecules that may or may...
Membrane Lipids01:32

Membrane Lipids

Lipids are an essential component of all biological membranes. The average lipid content in mammalian membranes is 50%, though it can be as low as 20% in the inner mitochondrial membrane or as high as 80% in the myelin sheath present around the nerve cells.
Phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine, and sphingomyelin are the most common phospholipids present in mammalian membranes. At physiological pH, phosphatidylserine is negatively charged, while the other three...
The Early Endosome: Endocytosis of Transferrin01:28

The Early Endosome: Endocytosis of Transferrin

Essential proteins such as insulin or low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and micronutrients such as iron enter a eukaryotic cell through receptor-mediated endocytosis. Subsequently, the early endosomes fuse with the vesicles containing such receptor-ligand complexes and play a vital role in sorting the incoming ligands and receptors. While the ligands are either degraded inside the vesicle or released into the cytosol, their receptors are returned to the plasma membrane for further rounds of...
GPI Anchoring of Proteins in the ER Membrane01:29

GPI Anchoring of Proteins in the ER Membrane

GPI-anchoring is a post-translational, reversible protein modification that is ubiquitous in eukaryotes. Such proteins are primarily present on the exoplasmic leaflet of the plasma membrane.
GPI-anchor structure
A sequence of 11 enzymatic reactions results in the synthesis of the complete GPI anchor consisting of a hydrophobic and a hydrophilic portion. The hydrophobic portion comprises phosphatidylinositol, while the hydrophilic part comprises polar groups like phosphoethanolamine,...
Phosphoinositides and PIPs01:42

Phosphoinositides and PIPs

Phosphoinositides are a group of phospholipids containing a glycerol backbone with two fatty acid chains and a phosphate attached to a myoinositol sugar ring. The inositol head group extends into the cytoplasm, where it is modified by adding phosphate groups to form phosphatidylinositol phosphates or PIPs.
Different phosphoinositides are synthesized and recruited on the cytosolic face of the plasma membrane. The localization of specific phosphoinositides concentrated in separate membrane...
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum01:21

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum or smooth ER is a sub-organelle with specialized functions in animal cells and plant cells. It is often associated with the tubule morphology of the endoplasmic reticulum.
The ER provides optimal conditions for synthesizing steroid hormones and lipids, such as phospholipids and triglycerides. Traditionally, lipid metabolism was considered to be a smooth ER function. However, there is no direct evidence to prove that rough ER is completely excluded from lipid...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Immunofluorescence Patterns in IgAN are Associated With Active, Necrotizing Lesions.

Kidney international reports·2026
Same author

The percentage of normal glomeruli ("Normal" Glomerular Score) predicts kidney outcome in ANCA vasculitis.

Clinical kidney journal·2026
Same author

Wnt-associated DKK3 in keratinocytes mediates radiation-induced hyperplasia, dermatitis and skin fibrosis.

Signal transduction and targeted therapy·2026
Same author

Long-term compromised immune regulation after rituximab induction in blood group incompatible (ABOi) living-donor renal transplantation - 5 year results of a prospective pilot study.

Frontiers in immunology·2025
Same author

Predicting GD2 expression across cancer types by the integration of pathway topology and transcriptome data.

Frontiers in bioinformatics·2025
Same author

Retrospective analysis of the diagnostic spectrum of histological nephropathies from the Magdeburg kidney biopsy cohort (MD-KBC).

BMC nephrology·2025
Same journal

Isotope-Edited ESEEM: A New Method for Probing Copper Binding Sites in Neurodegenerative Proteins.

The Journal of biological chemistry·2026
Same journal

Introduction to the Thematic Review Series on Intracellular Protein Degradation. The ubiquitous biology of intracellular protein degradation: a tribute to Alfred L. ("Fred") Goldberg.

The Journal of biological chemistry·2026
Same journal

Correction: Aromatic residue-rich amino-terminal segments of temporin L self-assemble into collagen-mimetic peptides with cell-adhesion properties.

The Journal of biological chemistry·2026
Same journal

YhbO is a DJ-1 family glyoxalase and α-oxoaldehyde hydratase that confers resistance to reactive carbonyl stress (112).

The Journal of biological chemistry·2026
Same journal

ARMH3 acts as a central scaffold at the Golgi/TGN through interactions with Arl5, GBF1, and PI4KB.

The Journal of biological chemistry·2026
Same journal

PAX8 controls proximal tubule epithelial identity and stress response through epigenetic modification of distal regulatory elements.

The Journal of biological chemistry·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 20, 2026

Mass Spectrometric Analysis of Glycosphingolipid Antigens
13:09

Mass Spectrometric Analysis of Glycosphingolipid Antigens

Published on: April 16, 2013

Glycosphingolipids are essential for intestinal endocytic function.

Richard Jennemann1, Sylvia Kaden, Roger Sandhoff

  • 1Department of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany. r.jennemann@dkfz.de

The Journal of Biological Chemistry
|August 2, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Glycosphingolipids (GSLs) are crucial for nutrient absorption in the intestine, not primarily for epithelial cell polarization. Their absence impairs intracellular transport, leading to malabsorption and early death in mice.

More Related Videos

A Fluorescence-based Assay for Characterization and Quantification of Lipid Droplet Formation in Human Intestinal Organoids
10:12

A Fluorescence-based Assay for Characterization and Quantification of Lipid Droplet Formation in Human Intestinal Organoids

Published on: October 13, 2019

Ganglioside Extraction, Purification and Profiling
10:05

Ganglioside Extraction, Purification and Profiling

Published on: March 12, 2021

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 20, 2026

Mass Spectrometric Analysis of Glycosphingolipid Antigens
13:09

Mass Spectrometric Analysis of Glycosphingolipid Antigens

Published on: April 16, 2013

A Fluorescence-based Assay for Characterization and Quantification of Lipid Droplet Formation in Human Intestinal Organoids
10:12

A Fluorescence-based Assay for Characterization and Quantification of Lipid Droplet Formation in Human Intestinal Organoids

Published on: October 13, 2019

Ganglioside Extraction, Purification and Profiling
10:05

Ganglioside Extraction, Purification and Profiling

Published on: March 12, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Gastroenterology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Glycosphingolipids (GSLs) are vital components of enterocytes.
  • GSLs were previously hypothesized to be essential for intestinal epithelial polarization.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of GSLs in intestinal epithelial polarization and function.
  • To determine the specific functions of GSLs in enterocytes using genetic deletion models.

Main Methods:

  • Generated mice with enterocyte-specific genetic deletion of the UDP-glucose ceramide glucosyltransferase (Ugcg) gene.
  • Analyzed intestinal epithelial morphology, differentiation, and nutrient absorption in mutant and control mice from birth to postnatal day 7.

Main Results:

  • Newborn GSL-deficient mice showed normal polarization but impaired lipid absorption.
  • By postnatal days 5-7, mutants exhibited severe differentiation defects, stunted villi, and lack of brush border.
  • GSL deficiency led to diarrhea, malabsorption, and early mortality.

Conclusions:

  • GSLs are essential for enterocyte resorptive function, particularly intracellular vesicular transport.
  • GSLs are not primarily required for intestinal epithelial polarization.
  • Disruption of GSL biosynthesis severely impacts intestinal function and viability.