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Combustion Energy: A Measure of Stability in Alkanes and Cycloalkanes02:14

Combustion Energy: A Measure of Stability in Alkanes and Cycloalkanes

The low reactivity in alkanes can be attributed to the non-polar nature of C–C and C–H σ bonds. Alkanes, therefore, were  initially termed as “paraffins,” derived from the Latin words: parum, meaning “too little,” and affinis, meaning “affinity.”
Alkanes undergo combustion in the presence of excess oxygen and high-temperature conditions to give carbon dioxide and water. A combustion reaction is the energy source in natural gas, liquified petroleum gas (LPG), fuel oil, gasoline, diesel fuel, and...
Chemistry of Carbohydrates03:25

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Carbohydrates are an essential part of the diet in humans and animals. Grains, fruits, and vegetables are natural sources of carbohydrates that provide energy to the body, particularly through glucose, a simple sugar that is a component of starch and an ingredient in many staple foods. The stoichiometric formula (CH2O)n, where n is the number of carbons in the molecule represents carbohydrates. In other words, the ratio of carbon to hydrogen to oxygen is 1:2:1 in carbohydrate molecules. This...
Chemistry of Carbohydrates03:25

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Carbohydrates are an essential part of the diet in humans and animals. Grains, fruits, and vegetables are natural sources of carbohydrates that provide energy to the body, particularly through glucose, a simple sugar that is a component of starch and an ingredient in many staple foods. The stoichiometric formula (CH2O)n, where n is the number of carbons in the molecule represents carbohydrates. In other words, the ratio of carbon to hydrogen to oxygen is 1:2:1 in carbohydrate molecules. This...
Chemistry of Carbohydrates03:25

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Carbohydrates are an essential part of the diet in humans and animals. Grains, fruits, and vegetables are natural sources of carbohydrates that provide energy to the body, particularly through glucose, a simple sugar that is a component of starch and an ingredient in many staple foods. The stoichiometric formula (CH2O)n, where n is the number of carbons in the molecule represents carbohydrates. In other words, the ratio of carbon to hydrogen to oxygen is 1:2:1 in carbohydrate molecules. This...
Carbon-13 (¹³C) NMR: Overview01:10

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 19, 2026

Characterization, Quantification and Compound-specific Isotopic Analysis of Pyrogenic Carbon Using Benzene Polycarboxylic Acids (BPCA)
08:12

Characterization, Quantification and Compound-specific Isotopic Analysis of Pyrogenic Carbon Using Benzene Polycarboxylic Acids (BPCA)

Published on: May 16, 2016

Carbohydrate-derived hydrothermal carbons: a thorough characterization study.

Linghui Yu1, Camillo Falco, Jens Weber

  • 1Max Planck Institute for Colloids and Interfaces, Research Campus Golm, D-14424 Potsdam, Germany.

Langmuir : the ACS Journal of Surfaces and Colloids
|August 3, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) produces carbon materials from biomass. These materials show excellent carbon dioxide (CO2) selectivity over nitrogen (N2), making them promising for gas separation applications.

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Last Updated: May 19, 2026

Characterization, Quantification and Compound-specific Isotopic Analysis of Pyrogenic Carbon Using Benzene Polycarboxylic Acids (BPCA)
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Reducing Willow Wood Fuel Emission by Low Temperature Microwave Assisted Hydrothermal Carbonization
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Reducing Willow Wood Fuel Emission by Low Temperature Microwave Assisted Hydrothermal Carbonization

Published on: May 19, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Chemical Engineering
  • Environmental Science

Background:

  • Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) is a key process for converting biomass into valuable carbon materials.
  • Understanding the physicochemical and textural properties of HTC materials is crucial for their application.
  • Biomass-derived precursors offer a sustainable route to advanced carbon materials.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To comprehensively characterize HTC materials derived from various biomass precursors (xylose, glucose, sucrose, starch).
  • To investigate the development of porosity during thermal treatment using gas sorption analysis.
  • To explore the CO2 adsorption selectivity of these novel carbon materials.

Main Methods:

  • Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) using xylose, glucose, sucrose, and starch as precursors.
  • Nitrogen (N2) and carbon dioxide (CO2) sorption analysis to determine porosity.
  • Thermogravimetric analysis coupled with infrared spectroscopy (TGA-IR) to study thermal events.
  • Elemental analysis, morphology, structural order, surface charge, and functional group characterization.

Main Results:

  • Characterization of physicochemical and textural properties of HTC materials from different precursors.
  • Detailed analysis of porosity development as a function of thermal treatment.
  • Demonstration of high CO2/N2 selectivity (selectivity of 20 at 273 K) for the produced carbon materials.
  • Comprehensive data on elemental composition, morphology, structural order, surface charge, and functional groups.

Conclusions:

  • HTC is an effective method for producing porous carbon materials from inexpensive biomass precursors.
  • The developed HTC materials exhibit promising CO2 adsorption capabilities and selectivity.
  • These materials hold potential for applications in gas separation and carbon capture technologies.