Cyclic glycolipids from glandular trichome exudates of Cerastium glomeratum

Fourteen cyclic glycolipids, named glomerasides A-N, have been isolated from the glandular trichome exudate of Cerastium glomeratum (Caryophyllaceae). Their structures were determined by spectroscopic analysis of the glycolipids, as well as by application of the Ohrui-Akasaka method to the fatty acid methyl esters derived from the glycolipids and GCMS studies of trimethylsilyl ether derivatives of the methyl esters. The various glomerasides have a glycosidic linkage between the anomeric hydroxy group of the glucose and the C-11, C-10 or C-9 positions of the docosanoyl moiety. They also contained an ester linkage between the C-6 hydroxy group of the glucose ring and the carboxyl group of the oxygenated fatty acid to form their macrocyclic structures. The glucose moiety was optionally acetylated and/or malonylated at the C-2 or C-3 hydroxy groups. Among these compounds, the 1,6'-cyclic ester of 11(R)-(2-O-acetyl-β-d-glucopyranosyloxy)docosanoic acid (glomeraside D) was the most abundant (25%).