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Bipolar Disorder

Bipolar Disorder

Bipolar disorder is a chronic mental health condition marked by significant mood fluctuations, including episodes of mania and depression. Elevated energy levels, heightened mood or irritability, impulsive behavior, reduced sleep needs, rapid speech, racing thoughts, inflated self-esteem, and distractibility characterize mania. Individuals with bipolar disorder often alternate between depressive and manic states, with periods of emotional stability lasting an average of six months to a year.

Biological Causes of Schizophrenia

Biological Causes of Schizophrenia

Schizophrenia, a severe psychiatric disorder, arises from a complex interplay of biological factors, including genetic predisposition, structural brain abnormalities, neurotransmitter dysregulation, and developmental irregularities. These factors collectively contribute to the onset and progression of the disorder, which typically manifests in late adolescence or early adulthood.
Genetic Factors in Schizophrenia
The genetic basis of schizophrenia is strongly supported by family and twin studies.

Psychosis: Pathophysiology of Schizophrenia and Other Psychotic Disorders

Psychosis: Pathophysiology of Schizophrenia and Other Psychotic Disorders

Schizophrenia is a neurodevelopmental disorder whose origins are rooted in complex genetic components. Despite our burgeoning understanding, the pathophysiology of this disorder remains incompletely deciphered.
Researchers have identified genetic factors that increase susceptibility to schizophrenia, underscoring the intricate interplay between genetics and environment in disease development. At the core of schizophrenia's pathophysiology is excessive dopaminergic neurotransmission within the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 19, 2026

Ex Utero Electroporation and Organotypic Slice Cultures of Embryonic Mouse Brains for Live-Imaging of Migrating GABAergic Interneurons

Ex Utero Electroporation and Organotypic Slice Cultures of Embryonic Mouse Brains for Live-Imaging of Migrating GABAergic Interneurons

Published on: April 20, 2018

Neuronal migration, apoptosis and bipolar disorder.

Ezequiel Uribe¹, Richard Wix

¹Universidad de Carabobo, Escuela de Medicina, Departamento de Fisiología, Laboratorio de Neurofisiología, Valencia, Venezuela. ezequiel.uribe@hotmail.com

Revista De Psiquiatria Y Salud Mental

|August 3, 2012

Summary

Bipolar disorder involves neurodevelopmental issues, including altered neuronal death and a deficit of GABAergic interneurons in the brain. This review explores molecular pathways in apoptosis to understand bipolar disorder

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Ex Utero Electroporation and Organotypic Slice Cultures of Embryonic Mouse Brains for Live-Imaging of Migrating GABAergic Interneurons

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Published on: April 20, 2018

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Nucleofection of Rodent Neuroblasts to Study Neuroblast Migration In vitro

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Psychiatry
Developmental Biology

Background:

Bipolar disorder is increasingly understood as a neurodevelopmental disorder.
This involves altered rates of neuronal birth and death during critical developmental periods.
A specific deficit of GABAergic interneurons is observed in the cerebral cortex of individuals with bipolar disorder.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the role of specific molecules in neuronal death pathways via apoptosis.
To establish biological hypotheses regarding the genesis of bipolar disorder.
To understand the implications of altered neuronal migration and synapsis formation in bipolar disorder.

Main Methods:

Review of existing literature on neurodevelopmental aspects of bipolar disorder.
Analysis of proapoptotic gene expression in relation to GABAergic interneuron deficits.
Examination of molecular mechanisms regulating neuronal migration and synaptic integration during fetal development.

Main Results:

Evidence suggests an overexpression of proapoptotic genes in bipolar disorder.
Alterations in molecules mediating neuronal migration and synaptic inclusion are present.
These molecular changes occur during the fetal stage, impacting GABAergic interneuron development.

Conclusions:

The study aims to link molecular alterations in neuronal development and apoptosis to the pathophysiology of bipolar disorder.
Understanding these pathways may provide novel insights into the neurodevelopmental origins of the condition.
Further research into these molecules could inform future therapeutic strategies for bipolar disorder.