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Fruit and vegetable intake and type 2 diabetes: EPIC-InterAct prospective study and meta-analysis
A J Cooper1, N G Forouhi, Z Ye
1MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK.
European Journal of Clinical Nutrition
|August 3, 2012
Summary
Fruit and vegetable intake may lower type 2 diabetes risk, but evidence is mixed. Specific vegetable types, like root and green leafy vegetables, show promise for diabetes prevention.
Area of Science:
- Epidemiology
- Nutrition Science
- Public Health
Background:
- Epidemiological evidence linking fruit and vegetable intake (FVI) to reduced type 2 diabetes (T2D) risk is inconclusive.
- Understanding the specific contributions of fruit and vegetable subtypes to T2D risk is crucial for public health recommendations.
Purpose of the Study:
- To prospectively examine the association between FVI and T2D risk.
- To conduct an updated meta-analysis of prospective studies on FVI and T2D risk.
Main Methods:
- A case-cohort study (EPIC-InterAct) involving 16,154 participants and 12,403 T2D cases across eight European countries.
- Systematic literature searches of MEDLINE and EMBASE databases up to April 2011 for meta-analysis, including pooled data from five studies.
Main Results:
- In the EPIC-InterAct study, no significant inverse association was found for total FVI, fruit, or vegetables. However, root vegetable intake showed an inverse association with T2D risk (HR: 0.87; 95% CI: 0.77-0.99).
- The meta-analysis, including EPIC-InterAct, indicated a reduced T2D risk with higher FVI (RR: 0.93; 95% CI: 0.87-1.00).
- Among subtypes, only green leafy vegetable (GLV) intake was inversely associated with diabetes risk (RR: 0.84; 95% CI: 0.74-0.94).
Conclusions:
- While total FVI may have a weaker overall effect, specific vegetable subtypes, particularly root vegetables and green leafy vegetables, appear beneficial for T2D prevention.
- Further research into the differential effects of vegetable subtypes on T2D risk is warranted.
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