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Related Concept Videos

Spinal Cord Injury ll: Pathophysiology01:14

Spinal Cord Injury ll: Pathophysiology

Spinal cord injury progresses through two interconnected phases: primary injury and secondary injury.Primary InjuryPrimary injury happens at the moment of trauma and involves immediate mechanical damage to the spinal cord.Compression happens when broken vertebrae, herniated discs, or accumulating blood (such as a hematoma) press directly against the spinal cord, distorting its normal shape and function. In cases of contusion, the cord is bruised by a blunt force (like penetrating injuries or...
Secondary Spinal Cord Injury llI: Pathophysiology01:25

Secondary Spinal Cord Injury llI: Pathophysiology

Early Ischemia and Ionic ImbalanceWithin minutes of spinal cord injury, a secondary cascade begins, progressing over hours to weeks. Vascular damage reduces blood flow, causing ischemia and mitochondrial dysfunction. ATP depletion leads to ion pump failure, membrane depolarization, sodium influx, potassium efflux, and water accumulation, resulting in cellular swelling. Increased intracellular calcium further disrupts mitochondria and accelerates cellular injury.Excitotoxicity and Neuronal...
Vertebral Column: Regions and Curvature01:16

Vertebral Column: Regions and Curvature

The vertebral column or spine is a flexible column that supports the head, neck, and body and  allows for their movements. It also protects the spinal cord.
Regions of the Vertebral Column
In an adult, the spine is subdivided into five regions: the cervical, the thoracic, the lumbar, the sacral, and the coccygeal region. The spine initially develops as a series of 33 vertebrae; after 20 years of age, the nine bones in the sacral region, five sacral, and four coccygeal bones fuse to form the...
Herniated Intervertebral Disc l: Introduction01:29

Herniated Intervertebral Disc l: Introduction

Intervertebral disc herniation refers to the displacement of the nucleus pulposus (the gel-like inner core of the disc) through a tear or weakened area in the annulus fibrosus (the outer fibrous ring). The displaced disc material extends beyond the normal boundaries of the disc space and may compress or irritate nearby spinal nerve roots or, less commonly, the spinal cord.Etiology and Risk FactorsHerniation commonly results from degeneration, in which aging reduces disc hydration and...

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Updated: May 19, 2026

A Neonatal Mouse Spinal Cord Compression Injury Model
13:31

A Neonatal Mouse Spinal Cord Compression Injury Model

Published on: March 27, 2016

Spinal injuries in children.

Saumyajit Basu1

  • 1Neurosciences Division, Park Clinic Kolkata, India.

Frontiers in Neurology
|August 3, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Pediatric spinal cord injuries, particularly in the cervical spine, present unique challenges due to anatomical differences. Advanced imaging improves management, but long-term complications like spinal deformity require diligent follow-up.

Keywords:
atlanto axial injuries in childrenpaediatric cervical spine injurypediatric injurypediatric spinal injuryspinal fractures in childrenspinal injurythoracolumbar fractures in children

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Last Updated: May 19, 2026

A Neonatal Mouse Spinal Cord Compression Injury Model
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Published on: January 5, 2015

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Orthopedics
  • Neurosurgery
  • Radiology

Background:

  • Pediatric spinal injuries, accounting for 5% of all cases, disproportionately affect the cervical spine.
  • Unique pediatric spinal anatomy and elasticity create biomechanically distinct injury patterns.
  • Spinal Cord Injury Without Radiological Abnormality (SCIWORA) is a unique clinical manifestation in children.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the unique aspects of pediatric spinal cord injuries.
  • To emphasize the role of advanced imaging in diagnosis and management.
  • To underscore the importance of long-term follow-up for potential complications.

Main Methods:

  • Review of pediatric spinal cord injury cases.
  • Utilization of advanced imaging techniques (MRI, CT, digital X-ray).
  • Analysis of clinical manifestations and long-term outcomes.

Main Results:

  • High-quality imaging allows precise delineation of injury extent.
  • Improved diagnostic capabilities enhance management strategies.
  • Surgical stabilization role in unstable injuries is better defined.

Conclusions:

  • Pediatric spinal cord injuries require specialized approaches due to unique biomechanics.
  • Advanced imaging significantly aids in diagnosis and treatment planning.
  • Long-term surveillance is crucial for managing complications such as spinal deformity and syringomyelia.