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[Molecular mechanisms of formation of blood eosinophilia under pulmonary tuberculosis]

Iu V Kolobovnikova, O I Urazova, V V Novitskiĭ

    Vestnik Rossiiskoi Akademii Meditsinskikh Nauk
    |August 4, 2012
    PubMed

    Insights

    Interleukin-5 (IL-5) drives eosinophilia in pulmonary tuberculosis patients. Eotaxin and IL-5 receptor-positive eosinophils also contribute to the eosinophilic blood reaction in tuberculosis.

    Area of Science:

    • Immunology
    • Pathogenesis of infectious diseases

    Background:

    • Pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) is associated with an eosinophilic blood reaction.
    • The molecular mechanisms underlying this eosinophilia are not fully understood.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To analyze the molecular factors involved in the pathogenesis of eosinophilia in pulmonary tuberculosis.
    • To identify key cytokines and chemokines contributing to hemic eosinophilia in TB patients.

    Main Methods:

    • Analysis of molecular factors in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis.
    • Measurement of plasma concentrations of IL-5 and eotaxin.
    • Assessment of IL-5 receptor (IL-5R)-positive eosinophils.

    Main Results:

    • Interleukin-5 (IL-5) is identified as the key cytokine responsible for hemic eosinophilia in pulmonary tuberculosis.
    • IL-5 plasma concentrations were elevated specifically in TB patients with eosinophilia.
    • Eotaxin levels increased in TB patients, irrespective of eosinophilia.
    • Increased numbers of IL-5R-positive eosinophils were observed in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis.

    Conclusions:

    • IL-5 plays a crucial role in the development of eosinophilia in pulmonary tuberculosis.
    • Eotaxin's dual role in eosinophil circulation and migration may contribute to the inflammatory process in TB.
    • Elevated IL-5R expression on eosinophils provides another mechanism for their prolonged presence in peripheral blood during pulmonary tuberculosis.

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