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Related Concept Videos

Bacterial Meningitis I: Introduction01:22

Bacterial Meningitis I: Introduction

Bacterial meningitis is a severe, life-threatening inflammation of the meninges, particularly the pia mater and arachnoid mater, affecting the subarachnoid space, ventricles, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). If untreated, it can lead to significant neurological complications or death.Causative AgentsCommon pathogens vary with age and immune status. In adults, major organisms include Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitidis, and Haemophilus influenzae. Streptococcus agalactiae (group B...
Viral Meningitis01:18

Viral Meningitis

Viral meningitis is the most common form of meningitis and is often referred to as aseptic meningitis to indicate the absence of bacterial involvement. It is generally milder than bacterial meningitis, with symptoms including fever, headache, stiff neck, drowsiness, nausea, photophobia, and vomiting. Rarely, more severe manifestations or death may occur. Common causative agents include enteroviruses, particularly coxsackie A and B viruses and echoviruses, all members of the Enterovirus genus...
Bacterial Meningitis II: Pathophysiology01:26

Bacterial Meningitis II: Pathophysiology

Bacterial meningitis typically begins when pathogens such as Neisseria meningitidis and Streptococcus pneumoniae colonize the nasopharynx and invade the bloodstream. This process is facilitated by bacterial virulence factors, such as polysaccharide capsules, which resist phagocytosis and complement-mediated killing. Less commonly, bacteria reach the central nervous system via contiguous spread from infections like otitis media or sinusitis, through congenital or acquired dural defects, or...
Encephalitis l: Introduction01:19

Encephalitis l: Introduction

Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain parenchyma, most often due to infections or autoimmune processes. It presents with neuropsychiatric features such as fever, altered mental status, behavioral changes, cognitive dysfunction, seizures, focal deficits, and sometimes autonomic instability. In some cases, the meninges are also involved, resulting in meningoencephalitis.Infectious CausesInfectious encephalitis is most commonly viral but can also result from bacterial, fungal, or parasitic...
Brain Abscess l: Introduction01:26

Brain Abscess l: Introduction

A brain abscess is a focal, intracerebral infection characterized by a localized collection of pus within the brain parenchyma, resulting from microbial invasion and the body’s inflammatory response. It progresses through stages: early and late cerebritis, followed by early and late capsule formation, reflecting tissue destruction, immune response, and eventual encapsulation.Etiology and PathogenesisCausative organisms vary with source and host factors, often involving polymicrobial infections,...
Atypical Pneumonia01:14

Atypical Pneumonia

Atypical pneumonia, often caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae, is a form of pulmonary infection that differs from the classical presentation of bacterial pneumonia in both its cause and clinical symptoms. Mycoplasma pneumoniae is a pleomorphic bacterium notable for its lack of a rigid cell wall. This structural characteristic imparts resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics and significantly influences the bacterium’s behavior within the human host.Other pathogens responsible for the disease include...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 19, 2026

Inducing Meningococcal Meningitis Serogroup C in Mice via Intracisternal Delivery
10:03

Inducing Meningococcal Meningitis Serogroup C in Mice via Intracisternal Delivery

Published on: November 5, 2019

[Bacterial meningitis. A rare cause].

Sílvia Bacalhau1, Maria Manuel Zarcos, Teresa Rezende

  • 1Serviço de Pediatria, Hospital Santo André, Leiria, Portugal.

Acta Medica Portuguesa
|August 4, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Group A Streptococcus meningitis is rare but increasing. A healthy child recovered fully after prompt antibiotic treatment for this invasive bacterial infection, highlighting the importance of early diagnosis and intervention.

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Neisseria meningitidis Infection of Induced Pluripotent Stem-Cell Derived Brain Endothelial Cells
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Neisseria meningitidis Infection of Induced Pluripotent Stem-Cell Derived Brain Endothelial Cells

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Last Updated: May 19, 2026

Inducing Meningococcal Meningitis Serogroup C in Mice via Intracisternal Delivery
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Published on: November 5, 2019

Neisseria meningitidis Infection of Induced Pluripotent Stem-Cell Derived Brain Endothelial Cells
10:12

Neisseria meningitidis Infection of Induced Pluripotent Stem-Cell Derived Brain Endothelial Cells

Published on: July 14, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Meningitis is an uncommon manifestation of invasive Streptococcus pyogenes infection.
  • Group A Streptococcus (GAS) invasive infections are reportedly increasing.
  • Prompt recognition and treatment are crucial for managing GAS meningitis.

Observation:

  • A previously healthy four-year-old girl presented with high fever, vomiting, and stiff neck, indicative of meningitis.
  • Cerebrospinal fluid analysis confirmed bacterial meningitis, with Streptococcus pyogenes identified as the causative agent.
  • The patient received a combination of ceftriaxone and clindamycin for 15 days.

Findings:

  • The child demonstrated a complete clinical recovery without neurological or hearing deficits.
  • Leukocytosis, thrombocytosis, and elevated C-reactive protein supported the diagnosis of bacterial infection.
  • Cultures confirmed Streptococcus pyogenes in the cerebrospinal fluid.

Implications:

  • This case underscores the potential for severe outcomes, including fatality or sequelae, from GAS meningitis, even in healthy children.
  • Early diagnosis and appropriate antibiotic therapy are critical for favorable outcomes in invasive Streptococcus pyogenes infections.
  • Continued surveillance for invasive GAS infections is warranted due to the rising incidence.