Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 19, 2026

Transmesenteric Laparoscopic Pyeloplasty in Trendelenburg Position for Horseshoe Kidney with Hydronephrosis
Published on: July 8, 2025
Urolithiasis in children: medical approach
1Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. Copelovitch@email.chop.edu
Abstract:
Childhood urolithiasis is an evolving condition with an increasing incidence and prevalence over the last 2 decades. Over that time the underlying cause has shifted from predominantly infectious to metabolic in nature. This review describes the pathophysiology, underlying metabolic abnormalities, clinical presentation, evaluation, and management of childhood urolithiasis. A comprehensive metabolic evaluation is essential for all children with renal calculi, given the high rate of recurrence and the importance of excluding inherited progressive conditions.
Related Concept Videos
Urinary Tract Calculi III: Medical Management
Urinary Tract Calculi VI: Surgical Management
Urinary Tract Calculi IV: Nutrition Therapy and Prevention
Urinary Tract Calculi V: Nursing Management
Urinary Tract Calculi I: Introduction
Urinary Tract Calculi II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations