Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 19, 2026

Recording Gamma Band Oscillations in Pedunculopontine Nucleus Neurons
Published on: September 14, 2016
Do the paramedian tract neurons in pons take a role as a vertical neural integrator in humans?
Hyung Lee1, Hyon-Ah Yi, Hyun-Ah Kim
1Department of Neurology, Keimyung University School of Medicine, South Korea.
Abstract:
Impairment of gaze holding mechanism and gaze-evoked nystagmus (GEN) in the vertical plane due to a focal brain lesion is usually caused by a failure of the vertical neural integrator, which is known to be localized in the interstitial nucleus of the Cajal in the upper midbrain. We report a patient with hemorrhagic stroke involving the paramedian pontine tegmentum who presented with vertical GEN due to a failure of vertical gaze holding mechanism and unilateral internuclear ophthalmoplegia. The possible structure taking a role as a vertical neural integrator in this patient might be the paramedian tract (PMT) neuron.
Related Concept Videos
Brainstem
The Midbrain
The midbrain is located beneath the diencephalon and connects the cerebrum with the lower parts of the brain. The cerebral peduncles are prominent midbrain structures that house the...
Cerebellum: Anatomical Regions
Cerebellar Structure
Externally, the cerebellum features a highly convoluted surface with numerous folia (narrow ridges) separated by shallow sulci (grooves). The cerebellum is divided into two hemispheres by a thin median structure known as the vermis. The...
Indirect Motor Pathways
The vestibulospinal tract originates in the vestibular nuclei of the brainstem. The vestibular system detects changes in...
Major Somatic Sensory Pathways
Direct Motor Pathways
The corticospinal tract is responsible for the voluntary movement of the limbs and trunk. It originates in the cerebral cortex of the brain and descends through the cerebrum's internal capsule and the...
Spinal Cord: Cross-sectional Anatomy
Gray Matter and its Components
Central to the gray matter is...

