Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 19, 2026

Electrochemically and Bioelectrochemically Induced Ammonium Recovery
Published on: January 22, 2015
Nutrient removal and phosphorus recovery performances of a novel anaerobic-anoxic/nitrifying/induced crystallization
1School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Sipailou Road, Nanjing 210096, PR China.
Abstract:
An anaerobic-anoxic/nitrifying (A(2)N) two sludge process coupled with induced crystallization (IC) called A(2)N-IC process was developed for wastewater nutrient removal and phosphorus recovery. The performances of A(2)N-IC process in comparison with A(2)N process at different COD to phosphorus (COD/P) feeding ratios were investigated. The results indicated that A(2)N-IC achieved not only high and stable nutrient removal but also phosphorus recovery. Calcium phosphorus crystals were formed in the crystallization reactor in A(2)N-IC. Moreover, the incorporation of chemical induced crystallization improved biological phosphorus removal. In A(2)N-IC process, phosphorus removal efficiency was consistently maintained at 99.2%, whereas in A(2)N it decreased from 93.0% to 65.7% with the decrease of feeding COD/P ratio. The COD and ammonia removal efficiencies were regardless of feeding COD/P ratio in the two processes.
Related Concept Videos
Recrystallization: Solid–Solution Equilibria
Metabolism of Chemolithotrophs
Crystal Growth: Principles of Crystallization
Initiating crystallization involves manipulating the concentration of the solute and the temperature of the solution. Since crystal growth occurs when the ratio of concentration and solubility of the solute in the solvent – the...
Bioreactor Design and Operational System

