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Updated: May 19, 2026

Construction and Characterization of External Cavity Diode Lasers for Atomic Physics

Construction and Characterization of External Cavity Diode Lasers for Atomic Physics

Published on: April 24, 2014

External-cavity diode laser in second-order Littrow configuration.

M Britzger¹, A Khalaidovski, B Hemb

¹Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics, Albert Einstein Institute, and Institut für Gravitationsphysik, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Hannover, Germany.

|August 4, 2012

Summary

We developed a novel external-cavity diode laser using a diffraction grating. This design achieved a record cavity finesse of 1855 and reduced laser threshold by 4x.

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Area of Science:

Photonics and Laser Technology
Optical Engineering

Background:

External-cavity diode lasers (ECDLs) are crucial for tunable and narrow-linewidth applications.
Traditional ECDL designs often face limitations in finesse, polarization control, and output mode quality.

Purpose of the Study:

To propose and demonstrate a novel external-cavity diode laser configuration.
To achieve high cavity finesse, strong optical feedback, and a circular TEM00 output mode.
To investigate the impact of optical feedback on laser diode threshold.

Main Methods:

Implementation of a second-order Littrow configuration for the external cavity.
Utilization of a low-efficiency diffraction grating to establish a high-finesse cavity.
Experimental validation of the proposed laser topology and performance metrics.

Main Results:

Achieved a cavity finesse of 1855, the highest reported for a three-port-grating-coupled cavity.
Demonstrated strong optical feedback and high polarization discrimination.
Observed a reduction in laser diode threshold by a factor of 4 due to optical feedback.
Obtained a circular TEM00 output mode.

Conclusions:

The proposed second-order Littrow external-cavity diode laser offers superior performance.
This configuration enables record-breaking cavity finesse and improved laser diode efficiency.
The design is suitable for applications requiring high-quality, tunable laser output.