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Assessment and Evaluation of the High Risk Neonate: The NICU Network Neurobehavioral Scale

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Published on: August 25, 2014

Cortical thickness and behavior abnormalities in children born preterm.

Leire Zubiaurre-Elorza¹, Sara Soria-Pastor, Carme Junque

¹Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.

|August 4, 2012

Summary

Preterm birth can alter cortical thickness (CTh) and is linked to behavioral issues. Periventricular leukomalacia (PVL) in preterm infants is associated with atypical CTh increases and behavioral problems.

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Developmental Pediatrics
Radiology

Background:

Preterm birth is a leading cause of neurodevelopmental deficits.
Periventricular leukomalacia (PVL) is a common brain injury in preterm infants.
Long-term effects of PVL on brain structure and function require further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the long-term effects of preterm birth and PVL on cortical thickness (CTh).
To examine the relationship between CTh and cognitive-behavioral abnormalities in preterm children.

Main Methods:

Brain MRI (T1-weighted images) analyzed with FreeSurfer software.
Comparison of 22 preterm children with PVL, 14 preterm children without PVL, and 22 full-term controls.
Cognitive and behavioral assessments using WISC-IV and CBCL.

Main Results:

No global CTh differences were observed between groups.
Preterm children without PVL showed thinner cortex in specific left-hemisphere regions compared to controls.
PVL preterm children exhibited thicker cortex in right pericalcarine and left frontal areas.
Internalizing/externalizing scores correlated with frontal CTh in the PVL group.
Higher attentional scores in PVL correlated with right frontal CTh increments.

Conclusions:

Preterm children without PVL display regional cortical gray matter thinning compared to full-term peers.
PVL preterm children show atypical increases in CTh, potentially underlying behavioral issues.
Regional CTh alterations are associated with cognitive and behavioral outcomes in preterm populations.