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Magnetic resonance velocity mapping.

S R Underwood1, D N Firmin, R S Rees

  • 1Royal Brompton and National Heart Hospital, London, UK.

Clinical Physics and Physiological Measurement : an Official Journal of the Hospital Physicists' Association, Deutsche Gesellschaft Fur Medizinische Physik and the European Federation of Organisations for Medical Physics
|January 1, 1990
PubMed
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Magnetic resonance velocity mapping accurately measures blood flow using cine gradient echo sequences. This technique is valuable for assessing cardiovascular conditions, especially in congenital heart disease.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Imaging
  • Medical Physics

Background:

  • Magnetic resonance (MR) velocity mapping encodes blood flow velocity in the phase of the MR signal.
  • Cine gradient echo sequences are well-suited for velocity mapping due to high signal and rapid repetition for cine imaging.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To detail the principles and applications of MR velocity mapping.
  • To highlight its accuracy and clinical utility in cardiovascular assessment.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing cine gradient echo sequences for velocity encoding.
  • Employing even echo rephasing and short echo times (<5 ms) to mitigate signal loss from turbulent flow.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated accuracy of approximately 6% for flow measurements in great vessels.

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  • Clinical measurement of velocities up to 6 m/s and pressure gradients up to 16 kPa (120 mmHg).
  • Successful application in pulmonary circulation, shunts, valvular disease, and bypass grafts.

    • Conclusions:

    • MR velocity mapping is an accurate and clinically valuable tool for cardiovascular flow assessment.
    • Further development is needed for reliable native coronary artery flow measurements.
    • Real-time echo planar velocity mapping shows promise for improved coronary flow assessment.