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Updated: May 19, 2026

Microbiota Analysis Using Two-step PCR and Next-generation 16S rRNA Gene Sequencing

Microbiota Analysis Using Two-step PCR and Next-generation 16S rRNA Gene Sequencing

Published on: October 15, 2019

Microbiome and immunological interactions.

Denise Kelly¹, Imke E Mulder

¹Rowett Institute of Nutrition & Health, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, Scotland, UK. d.kelly@abdn.ac.uk

Nutrition Reviews

|August 7, 2012

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

The human gut microbiota influences immune responses and gut health. Changes in microbial composition are linked to inflammation and immune system balance, impacting diseases like inflammatory bowel disease.

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An Intestinal Gut Organ Culture System for Analyzing Host-Microbiota Interactions

An Intestinal Gut Organ Culture System for Analyzing Host-Microbiota Interactions

Published on: June 30, 2021

Area of Science:

Microbiology
Immunology
Gastroenterology

Background:

The healthy human gut harbors a diverse microbiota, primarily Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes.
Gut inflammation is associated with reduced diversity and increased Proteobacteria.
Gut bacteria play a crucial role in mucosal immunity and host defense.

Purpose of the Study:

To explore the relationship between gut microbiota composition and immune system modulation.
To discuss the implications of gut microbiota in immune homeostasis and inflammatory diseases.
To highlight the potential for identifying novel probiotics and pharmaceuticals based on gut microbiota research.

Main Methods:

Literature review of studies on human gut microbiota and immune interactions.
Analysis of microbial composition in healthy versus inflamed gut conditions.
Examination of molecular mechanisms underlying host-microbe immune crosstalk.

Main Results:

Gut microbiota composition significantly impacts T helper cell differentiation and the balance of T effector and T regulatory cells.
Microbial interactions influence epithelial cells, dendritic cells, and T/B lymphocytes, affecting gut barrier function.
Dysbiosis is linked to decreased immune responsiveness and potential autoimmune conditions.

Conclusions:

Gut microbiota composition is a key determinant of immune homeostasis and susceptibility to inflammatory and autoimmune diseases.
Understanding these host-microbe interactions is vital for developing targeted therapies.
This field offers a promising avenue for discovering next-generation probiotics and pharmaceutical interventions.