Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Van der Waals Interactions

Van der Waals Interactions

Atoms and molecules interact with each other through intermolecular forces. These electrostatic forces arise from attractive or repulsive interactions between particles with permanent, partial, or temporary charges. The intermolecular forces between neutral atoms and molecules are ion–dipole, dipole–dipole, and dispersion forces, collectively known as van der Waals forces.

First Law: Particles in One-dimensional Equilibrium

First Law: Particles in One-dimensional Equilibrium

Newton's first law of motion states that a body at rest remains at rest, or if in motion, remains in motion at constant velocity, unless acted on by a net external force. It also states that there must be a cause for any change in velocity (a change in either magnitude or direction) to occur. This cause is a net external force. For example, consider what happens to an object sliding along a rough horizontal surface. The object quickly grinds to a halt, due to the net force of friction. If we...

The de Broglie Wavelength

The de Broglie Wavelength

In the macroscopic world, objects that are large enough to be seen by the naked eye follow the rules of classical physics. A billiard ball moving on a table will behave like a particle; it will continue traveling in a straight line unless it collides with another ball, or it is acted on by some other force, such as friction. The ball has a well-defined position and velocity or well-defined momentum, p = mv, which is defined by mass m and velocity v at any given moment. This is the typical...

First Law: Particles in Two-dimensional Equilibrium

First Law: Particles in Two-dimensional Equilibrium

Recall that a particle in equilibrium is one for which the external forces are balanced. Static equilibrium involves objects at rest, and dynamic equilibrium involves objects in motion without acceleration; but it is important to remember that these conditions are relative. For instance, an object may be at rest when viewed from one frame of reference, but that same object would appear to be in motion when viewed by someone moving at a constant velocity.
Newton's first law tells us about the...

Reduced Mass Coordinates: Isolated Two-body Problem

Reduced Mass Coordinates: Isolated Two-body Problem

In classical mechanics, the two-body problem is one of the fundamental problems describing the motion of two interacting bodies under gravity or any other central force. When considering the motion of two bodies, one of the most important concepts is the reduced mass coordinates, a quantity that allows the two-body problem to be solved like a single-body problem. In these circumstances, it is assumed that a single body with reduced mass revolves around another body fixed in a position with an...

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Relaxation Processes

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Relaxation Processes

In the absence of an external magnetic field, nuclear spin states are degenerate and randomly oriented. When a magnetic field is applied, the spins begin to precess and orient themselves along (lower energy) or against (higher energy) the direction of the field. At equilibrium, a slight excess population of spins exists in the lower energy state. Because the direction of the magnetic field is fixed as the z-axis, the precessing magnetic moments are randomly oriented around the z-axis. This...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Non-lytic protein secretion by virulence-associated Type 10 Secretion Systems in <i>Salmonella enterica</i>.

Frontiers in microbiology·2026

Same author

Evaluation of water treadmill training, lunging and treadmill training in the rehabilitation of horses with back pain.

BMC veterinary research·2025

Same author

How to seed ergodic dynamics of interacting bosons under conditions of many-body quantum chaos.

Reports on progress in physics. Physical Society (Great Britain)·2025

Same author

Single-cell landscape of peripheral immune cells in MASLD/MASH.

Hepatology communications·2025

Same author

Erratum: Many-Body Interference at the Onset of Chaos [Phys. Rev. Lett. 130, 080401 (2023)].

Physical review letters·2024

Same author

Cytolysin A is an intracellularly induced and secreted cytotoxin of typhoidal Salmonella.

Nature communications·2024

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 19, 2026

An Analog Macroscopic Technique for Studying Molecular Hydrodynamic Processes in Dense Gases and Liquids

An Analog Macroscopic Technique for Studying Molecular Hydrodynamic Processes in Dense Gases and Liquids

Published on: December 4, 2017

Inelastic multiple scattering of interacting bosons in weak random potentials.

Tobias Geiger¹, Thomas Wellens, Andreas Buchleitner

¹Physikalisches Institut, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany.

Physical Review Letters

|August 7, 2012

Summary

Collisional energy transfer in interacting bosons leads to thermalization. This inelastic current quickly dominates over elastic scattering in disordered systems.

More Related Videos

Setting Limits on Supersymmetry Using Simplified Models

Setting Limits on Supersymmetry Using Simplified Models

Published on: November 15, 2013

Scattering And Absorption of Light in Planetary Regoliths

Scattering And Absorption of Light in Planetary Regoliths

Published on: July 1, 2019

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 19, 2026

An Analog Macroscopic Technique for Studying Molecular Hydrodynamic Processes in Dense Gases and Liquids

An Analog Macroscopic Technique for Studying Molecular Hydrodynamic Processes in Dense Gases and Liquids

Published on: December 4, 2017

Setting Limits on Supersymmetry Using Simplified Models

Setting Limits on Supersymmetry Using Simplified Models

Published on: November 15, 2013

Scattering And Absorption of Light in Planetary Regoliths

Scattering And Absorption of Light in Planetary Regoliths

Published on: July 1, 2019

Area of Science:

Quantum mechanics
Condensed matter physics
Ultracold atomic gases

Background:

Interacting bosons in disordered potentials are crucial for understanding quantum phenomena.
The Gross-Pitaevskii equation describes weakly interacting bosons but often neglects inelastic processes.
Thermalization mechanisms in quantum systems are of fundamental interest.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a theoretical framework for describing interacting bosons in disordered potentials.
To investigate the role of collisional energy transfer in boson thermalization.
To compare the contributions of elastic and inelastic scattering to the single-particle current.

Main Methods:

Diagrammatic scattering theory
Analysis of collisional energy transfer
Comparison of elastic and inelastic scattering currents

Main Results:

A diagrammatic scattering theory was developed for interacting bosons in a 3D disordered potential.
Collisional energy transfer was shown to induce thermalization of the inelastic single-particle current.
The inelastic current rapidly dominates over the elastic contribution described by the Gross-Pitaevskii ansatz after a few collisions.

Conclusions:

Diagrammatic scattering theory provides a powerful tool for studying disordered quantum systems.
Inelastic scattering and thermalization play a significant role in the dynamics of interacting bosons.
The findings challenge the limitations of the Gross-Pitaevskii ansatz in certain regimes.