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Related Concept Videos

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells01:13

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different types of cells. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are post-mitotic—that is, they no longer divide. However, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they “de-differentiate” and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are also pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are therefore called induced pluripotent stem...
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells01:06

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different cell types. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are terminally differentiated; however, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they dedifferentiate and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are called induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs).
Somatic cells are...
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells01:13

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different types of cells. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are post-mitotic—that is, they no longer divide. However, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they “de-differentiate” and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are also pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are therefore called induced pluripotent stem...
Somatic to iPS Cell Reprogramming01:29

Somatic to iPS Cell Reprogramming

Reprogramming alters the gene expression in somatic cells, transforming them into induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells over several generations. Scientists can reprogram cells by introducing genes for four transcription factors—Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc (OSKM) by viral or non-viral methods. These factors are also known as Yamanaka factors after Shinya Yamanaka, who first generated iPS cells using mouse skin cells. Yamanaka was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2012 for this...
Chromatin Modification in iPS Cells01:32

Chromatin Modification in iPS Cells

Chromatin modification alters gene expression; therefore, scientists can add histone-modifying enzymes, histone variants, and chromatin remodeling complexes to somatic cells to aid reprogramming into pluripotent stem (iPS) cells.
Compact chromatin makes reprogramming difficult. Enzymes, such as histone demethylases and acetyltransferases, are often added during reprogramming to loosen the chromatin, making the DNA more accessible to transcription factors. Molecules that inhibit histone...
Stem Cell Culture01:17

Stem Cell Culture

Stem cell research aims to find ways to use stem cells to regenerate and repair cellular damage. Over time, most adult cells undergo the wear and tear of aging and lose their ability to divide and repair themselves. Stem cells do not display a particular morphology or function. Adult stem cells, which exist as a small subset of cells in most tissues, keep dividing and can differentiate into a number of specialized cells generally formed by that tissue. These cells enable the body to renew and...

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Updated: May 19, 2026

Generation and Maintenance of Primate Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Derived from Urine
07:46

Generation and Maintenance of Primate Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Derived from Urine

Published on: July 28, 2023

Genetic background affects induced pluripotent stem cell generation.

Lauren V Schnabel, Christian M Abratte, John C Schimenti

    Stem Cell Research & Therapy
    |August 7, 2012
    PubMed
    Summary

    Genetic background significantly influences induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) generation efficiency and stability. Early reprogramming success in generating iPSCs correlates with the proliferation rates of parent mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs).

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    Efficient iPS Cell Generation from Blood Using Episomes and HDAC Inhibitors
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    Published on: July 28, 2023

    Chemical Reversion of Conventional Human Pluripotent Stem Cells to a Naïve-like State with Improved Multilineage Differentiation Potency
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    Efficient iPS Cell Generation from Blood Using Episomes and HDAC Inhibitors
    08:14

    Efficient iPS Cell Generation from Blood Using Episomes and HDAC Inhibitors

    Published on: October 28, 2014

    Area of Science:

    • Stem Cell Biology
    • Genetics
    • Reproductive Biology

    Background:

    • Genetic background's impact on induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) generation is largely unexplored.
    • Understanding genetic influences is crucial for optimizing iPSC applications.
    • Previous studies suggest variability in embryonic stem cell (ESC) line generation across mouse strains.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate whether genetic background affects the efficiency of iPSC generation.
    • To determine if genetic background influences the pluripotent stability of iPSCs.
    • To correlate early reprogramming efficiency with parent cell proliferation rates.

    Main Methods:

    • Isolated mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) from six genetically diverse mouse strains.
    • Reprogrammed MEFs using lentiviral transduction of Oct4, Klf4, Sox2, and c-Myc.
    • Assessed iPSC generation efficiency by colony number, alkaline phosphatase, and SSEA1 expression.
    • Evaluated iPSC pluripotency through teratoma formation and examined MEF proliferation.

    Main Results:

    • NON/LtJ and CAST/EiJ mouse strains exhibited higher iPSC generation efficiency.
    • Parent MEFs from NON/LtJ and CAST/EiJ strains showed increased proliferation rates.
    • Most strains generated doxycycline-independent iPSC lines, with BALB/cJ requiring higher LIF concentrations.
    • iPSCs from all tested strains demonstrated pluripotency via teratoma formation.

    Conclusions:

    • Genetic background significantly impacts both the efficiency and pluripotent stability of iPSC generation.
    • Early-stage iPSC generation efficiency is linked to the proliferative capacity of the parent MEFs.
    • Findings provide critical insights for future iPSC applications and genetic investigations into reprogramming.