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Updated: May 19, 2026
Murine Model of Intestinal Ischemia-reperfusion Injury
Published on: May 11, 2016
Patients with chronic gastrointestinal ischemia have a higher cardiovascular disease risk and mortality
Aria Sana1, Désirée van Noord, Peter B F Mensink
1Departments of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. a.sana@erasmusmc.nl
Insights
Patients with atherosclerotic celiac-related gastrointestinal issues (CGI) face higher cardiovascular disease risks and mortality. Early intervention with secondary cardiovascular prevention is crucial for managing these patients.
Area of Science:
- Vascular Medicine
- Gastroenterology
- Cardiology
Background:
- Celiac-related gastrointestinal issues (CGI) are associated with various health complications.
- Classical risk factors for atherosclerosis and mortality risk in CGI patients require further investigation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To determine the prevalence of atherosclerosis risk factors in patients with CGI.
- To assess the mortality risk associated with atherosclerotic CGI.
Main Methods:
- A case-control study comparing 68 patients with atherosclerotic CGI to 132 healthy controls.
- Risk factor assessment, abdominal vessel imaging, and tonometry were performed.
- Mortality risk was calculated using standardized mortality ratios and 10-year risk scores (SCORE, PREDICT).
Main Results:
- Female gender, diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, history of cardiovascular disease (CVD), and smoking were significantly associated with CGI.
- Adjusted analysis confirmed significant associations for female gender, diabetes, current smoking, and history of CVD.
- CGI patients over 55 had a higher 10-year risk of death (15% vs. 5%) and a higher standardized mortality rate (3.55 vs. 1.70).
Conclusions:
- Atherosclerotic CGI is linked to increased cardiovascular disease risk and significant excess mortality.
- Secondary cardiovascular prevention strategies are strongly recommended for patients diagnosed with CGI.
Objectives:
We determined the prevalence of classical risk factors for atherosclerosis and mortality risk in patients with CGI.
Methods:
A case-control study was conducted. Patients referred with suspected CGI underwent a standard work-up including risk factors for atherosclerosis, radiological imaging of abdominal vessels and tonometry. Cases were patients with confirmed atherosclerotic CGI. Controls were healthy subjects previously not known with CGI. The mortality risk was calculated as standardized mortality ratio derived from observed mortality, and was estimated with ten-year risk of death using SCORE and PREDICT.
Results:
Between 2006 and 2009, 195 patients were evaluated for suspected CGI. After a median follow-up of 19 months, atherosclerotic CGI was diagnosed in 68 patients. Controls consisted of 132 subjects. Female gender, diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, a personal and family history of cardiovascular disease (CVD), and current smoking are highly associated with CGI. After adjustment, female gender (OR 2.14 95% CI 1.05-4.36), diabetes (OR 5.59, 95% CI 1.95-16.01), current smoking (OR 5.78, 95% CI 2.27-14.72), and history of CVD (OR 21.61, 95% CI 8.40-55.55) remained significant. CGI patients >55 years had a higher median ten-year risk of death (15% vs. 5%, P = 0.001) compared to controls. During follow-up of 116 person-years, standardized mortality rate was higher in CGI patients (3.55; 95% CI 1.70-6.52).
Conclusions:
Patients with atherosclerotic CGI have an increased estimated CVD risk, and severe excess mortality. Secondary cardiovascular prevention therapy should be advocated in patients with CGI.
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