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Related Concept Videos

Connective Tissue Cell Types01:22

Connective Tissue Cell Types

Connective tissue develops from the mesoderm of a developing embryo and consists of cells, fibers, and ground substance: a gel-like material containing large complexes of carbohydrates and proteins. Connective tissue was first identified as a separate tissue family in the 18th century, and Johannes Peter Muller coined the term connective tissue.
Fat cells (adipocytes), smooth muscle cells (myoblasts), and bone cells (osteoblasts) are some connective tissue cell types. Some immune system cells...
Classification of Connective Tissues01:30

Classification of Connective Tissues

The connective tissues have different properties and functions in the human body. They are broadly categorized into proper, supporting, or fluid connective tissues.
Connective Tissue Proper
Connective tissue proper is the most abundant class of connective tissues. As its name implies, it predominantly connects different tissues in the body. Depending on the cell types, ground substance, viscosity, and fiber types in the ECM, connective tissue proper is further categorized into loose and dense.
Comparing the Survival Analysis of Two or More Groups01:20

Comparing the Survival Analysis of Two or More Groups

Survival analysis is a cornerstone of medical research, used to evaluate the time until an event of interest occurs, such as death, disease recurrence, or recovery. Unlike standard statistical methods, survival analysis is particularly adept at handling censored data—instances where the event has not occurred for some participants by the end of the study or remains unobserved. To address these unique challenges, specialized techniques like the Kaplan-Meier estimator, log-rank test, and Cox...
Introduction to Connective Tissues01:11

Introduction to Connective Tissues

Connective tissues are one of the four main tissue types in humans that are extensively present in the body. They are characterized by cells embedded in an extracellular matrix (ECM) composed of a ground substance and three main types of protein fibers— collagen, elastic, and reticular fibers. The ground substance of connective tissues can range from a watery and jelly-like consistency to mineralized and hard. The wide variety of cells in the connective tissues include fibroblasts, osteocytes,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 19, 2026

Isolating Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells and CD4+ T cells from Sézary Syndrome Patients for Transcriptomic Profiling
09:08

Isolating Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells and CD4+ T cells from Sézary Syndrome Patients for Transcriptomic Profiling

Published on: October 14, 2021

Distinct phenotypes in mixed connective tissue disease: subgroups and survival.

P Szodoray1, A Hajas, L Kardos

  • 1Institute of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway. szodoray@gmail.com

Lupus
|August 7, 2012
PubMed
Summary

This study identified three distinct patient groups within mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD) based on clinical symptoms and autoantibodies. Cluster analysis helps differentiate MCTD phenotypes and predict disease prognosis.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 19, 2026

Isolating Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells and CD4+ T cells from Sézary Syndrome Patients for Transcriptomic Profiling
09:08

Isolating Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells and CD4+ T cells from Sézary Syndrome Patients for Transcriptomic Profiling

Published on: October 14, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Rheumatology
  • Immunology
  • Internal Medicine

Background:

  • Mixed Connective Tissue Disease (MCTD) is an autoimmune disorder with heterogeneous clinical presentations.
  • Understanding distinct MCTD phenotypes is crucial for accurate diagnosis and prognosis.
  • Autoantibody profiles and clinical symptoms are key indicators of disease characteristics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze autoantibody profiles and dominant clinical symptoms in MCTD patients.
  • To identify and characterize distinct clusters of MCTD phenotypes.
  • To evaluate the prognostic value of cluster analysis in MCTD.

Main Methods:

  • Longitudinal follow-up of 201 patients diagnosed with MCTD.
  • Selection of five clinical parameters (Raynaud's phenomenon, PAH, myositis, ILD, erosive arthritis) and five autoantibodies (AECA, anti-CCP, anti-CL, anti-SSA/SSB, IgM RF) for cluster analysis.
  • Classification of patients into three distinct cluster groups using statistical analysis.

Main Results:

  • Cluster 1 (77 patients) showed high prevalence of Pulmonary Artery Hypertension (PAH) and Raynaud's phenomenon.
  • Cluster 2 (79 patients) was characterized by a high incidence of Interstitial Lung Disease (ILD) and myositis.
  • Cluster 3 (45 patients) exhibited a higher frequency of anti-CCP antibodies, erosions, and musculoskeletal damage.

Conclusions:

  • Cluster analysis effectively differentiates MCTD subsets based on distinct clinical and serological profiles.
  • Cluster 1 patients demonstrated the poorest cumulative survival, indicating a worse prognosis.
  • This approach provides valuable insights for predicting disease course and guiding patient management in MCTD.