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Network Covalent Solids

Network Covalent Solids

Network covalent solids contain a three-dimensional network of covalently bonded atoms as found in the crystal structures of nonmetals like diamond, graphite, silicon, and some covalent compounds, such as silicon dioxide (sand) and silicon carbide (carborundum, the abrasive on sandpaper). Many minerals have networks of covalent bonds.
To break or to melt a covalent network solid, covalent bonds must be broken. Because covalent bonds are relatively strong, covalent network solids are typically...

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Updated: May 19, 2026

Development and Functionalization of Electrolyte-Gated Graphene Field-Effect Transistor for Biomarker Detection

Development and Functionalization of Electrolyte-Gated Graphene Field-Effect Transistor for Biomarker Detection

Published on: February 1, 2022

Graphene transfer: key for applications.

Junmo Kang¹, Dolly Shin, Sukang Bae

¹SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology and Center for Human Interface Nano Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 440-746, Korea. junmo9000@graphene.re.kr

|August 7, 2012

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Recent advances in graphene synthesis and transfer techniques enable large-scale graphene production for practical applications. This review covers methods for transferring graphene to various substrates, paving the way for industrialization.

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Area of Science:

Materials Science
Nanotechnology
Condensed Matter Physics

Background:

Graphene's unique properties were initially limited by small flake sizes.
Advances in synthesis and transfer techniques have enabled macroscopic graphene applications.
Industrialization of graphene production is a key goal, requiring scalable methods.

Purpose of the Study:

To review recent advancements in transferring graphene to arbitrary substrates.
To categorize and discuss various graphene transfer methodologies.
To highlight techniques enabling damage-free transfer for practical applications.

Main Methods:

Mechanical exfoliation
Polymer-assisted transfer
Continuous roll-to-roll processing
Transfer-free techniques (direct synthesis)

Main Results:

Graphene can now be synthesized up to 30 inches using chemical vapor deposition.
Effective transfer methods are crucial for realizing graphene's potential in electronics.
Various techniques exist, each with advantages for specific applications.

Conclusions:

Graphene transfer techniques are critical for industrial applications.
Ongoing research focuses on scalable and damage-free transfer methods.
Advancements in synthesis and transfer pave the way for widespread graphene use.