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Related Concept Videos

Inflammation01:38

Inflammation

Overview
Acute Inflammation II: Cellular Phase01:26

Acute Inflammation II: Cellular Phase

The cellular phase of acute inflammation is a tightly orchestrated sequence of events that recruits leukocytes, primarily neutrophils, to sites of tissue injury or infection. Following the initial vascular changes, this phase ensures effective immune cell migration, activation, and function at the affected site to eliminate pathogens and initiate tissue repair.Leukocyte Recruitment CascadeLeukocyte recruitment happens in four steps: margination, adhesion, transmigration, and chemotaxis. Reduced...
Inflammatory Response I: Vascular and Cellular01:30

Inflammatory Response I: Vascular and Cellular

The inflammatory response is the body's defense against infection, injury, or irritation from bacteria, trauma, toxins, or heat. Inflammation helps locate and destroy pathogens and remove damaged tissue elements to heal the body. During this initial phase, fluid, blood products, and nutrients migrate to the injured area, resulting in redness, heat, swelling, ache, and loss of function. Moreover, signs of systemic inflammation include fever, increased WBC count, malaise, anorexia, nausea,...
Acute Inflammation III: Local and Systemic Effects01:25

Acute Inflammation III: Local and Systemic Effects

Acute inflammation produces a coordinated set of local and systemic changes that limit injury, eliminate pathogens, and initiate repair. These responses arise within minutes of infection, trauma, or chemical insult and are driven by vascular alterations and leukocyte-derived mediators. When the stimulus resolves, the reaction typically abates within days.Local EffectsAt the site of injury, arteriolar vasodilation increases blood flow, resulting in redness and warmth. Simultaneously, increased...
Inflammation: Introduction01:28

Inflammation: Introduction

Inflammation is a fundamental, protective biological response of vascularized tissues to cellular injury, infection, or harmful stimuli. Its primary function is to eliminate the initial cause of injury, clear necrotic cells and damaged tissue, and initiate the necessary repair processes.Cardinal SignsAcute inflammation presents with classic signs. Redness results from vasodilation and increased blood flow. Heat is due to increased metabolism and circulation. Swelling results from the...
Acute Inflammation I: Inflammatory Response01:26

Acute Inflammation I: Inflammatory Response

Acute inflammation is a rapid, short-lived physiological response to tissue injury or infection, designed to eliminate harmful agents and initiate repair. This tightly regulated process typically lasts from minutes to several days and is triggered by factors such as microbial invasion, physical trauma, or chemical injury.Recognition and Mediator ReleaseThe inflammatory response begins when resident immune cells—such as mast cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells—detect damage-associated...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 19, 2026

Isolation of Leukocytes from the Human Maternal-fetal Interface
08:19

Isolation of Leukocytes from the Human Maternal-fetal Interface

Published on: May 21, 2015

Inflammation, leukocytes and menstruation.

Jemma Evans1, Lois A Salamonsen

  • 1Prince Henry's Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.

Reviews in Endocrine & Metabolic Disorders
|August 7, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Menstruation involves inflammatory processes initiated by declining progesterone. This leads to tissue breakdown and bleeding, but also rapid healing through anti-inflammatory changes.

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Last Updated: May 19, 2026

Isolation of Leukocytes from the Human Maternal-fetal Interface
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Isolation of Leukocytes from the Murine Tissues at the Maternal-Fetal Interface
07:51

Isolation of Leukocytes from the Murine Tissues at the Maternal-Fetal Interface

Published on: May 21, 2015

Area of Science:

  • Reproductive biology
  • Inflammation research
  • Endometrial physiology

Background:

  • Menstruation shares characteristics with inflammatory processes.
  • Hormonal fluctuations, particularly declining progesterone, trigger endometrial changes.
  • Understanding the inflammatory cascade in menstruation is crucial for reproductive health.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the inflammatory mechanisms underlying menstruation.
  • To detail the cellular and molecular events leading to endometrial breakdown and repair.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of cellular and molecular events during the late secretory phase and menstruation.
  • Investigation of intracellular responses to progesterone withdrawal.
  • Examination of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and NFκB pathway activation.
  • Assessment of inflammatory mediators, leukocyte recruitment, and tissue remodeling.

Main Results:

  • Declining progesterone initiates an inflammatory cascade involving ROS, NFκB activation, and increased pro-inflammatory mediators.
  • Leukocyte infiltration and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity contribute to endometrial tissue breakdown.
  • Prostaglandin-induced hypoxia exacerbates tissue degradation.
  • Shift in neutrophil and macrophage phenotypes promotes rapid re-epithelialization and tissue repair.

Conclusions:

  • Menstruation is a complex inflammatory process involving coordinated molecular and cellular events.
  • Progesterone withdrawal is the key initiator of the inflammatory breakdown phase.
  • The endometrium possesses mechanisms for rapid repair, transitioning from inflammation to regeneration.