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Related Concept Videos

Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling01:31

Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling

Osteoclasts are cells responsible for bone resorption and remodeling. They originate from hematopoietic progenitor cells present in the bone marrow. Numerous progenitor cells fuse to form multinucleated cells, each with 10-20 nuclei. A single osteoclast has a diameter of 150 to 200 µM. These cells have ruffled borders that break down the underlying bone tissue and release minerals such as calcium into the blood in bone resorption. Osteoclasts cling to bones with their ruffled edges during bone...
Compact Bone01:27

Compact Bone

Most bones contain compact and spongy osseous tissue, but their distribution and concentration vary based on the bone's overall function.
Compact bone, also called cortical bone, is the denser, stronger of the two types of bone tissue. It is found under the periosteum and in the diaphyses of long bones, where it provides support and protection. The microscopic structural unit of compact bone is called an osteon, or haversian system. Each osteon is composed of concentric rings of calcified...
Bone Remodeling01:40

Bone Remodeling

Bone remodeling is a continuous and balanced process of bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. In adults, it helps maintain bone mass and calcium homeostasis. While mechanical stress can stimulate turnover as part of the normal maintenance and reparative process, several hormones also regulate bone remodeling.
Bone Disorders01:29

Bone Disorders

Aging and its effect on bone remodeling is the most common cause of bone disorders. In young and healthy people, bone deposition and resorption happen at an equal rate to maintain optimal bone health.
Bone deposition is also affected by the levels of sex hormones like estrogen and testosterone that promote osteoblast activity and bone matrix synthesis. When the level of these hormones decreases due to aging, it causes a reduction in bone deposition. As a result, bone resorption by osteoclasts...
The Bone Matrix01:18

The Bone Matrix

Bone contains a relatively small number of cells entrenched in a matrix of collagen fibers that provide an adherent surface for inorganic salt crystals. Both components of the matrix, organic and inorganic, contribute to the unusual properties of bone. Without collagen, bones would be brittle and shatter easily. Without mineral crystals, bones would flex and provide little support. This can be observed by an experiment: when the minerals of a bone are dissolved by soaking the bone in acid or...
Bone Cells and Tissue01:30

Bone Cells and Tissue

Bones contain a relatively small number of cells entrenched in a matrix of organic and inorganic components. Although bone cells compose only a small amount of the bone volume, they are crucial to its function. Four types of cells are found within the bone tissue— osteoblasts, osteocytes, osteogenic cells, and osteoclasts.
Osteoblasts and Osteocytes
The osteoblast is the bone cell responsible for forming new bone tissue. It is found in the growing portions of bone, including the periosteum and...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 19, 2026

Skeletal Phenotype Analysis of a Conditional Stat3 Deletion Mouse Model
08:42

Skeletal Phenotype Analysis of a Conditional Stat3 Deletion Mouse Model

Published on: July 3, 2020

Deletion of Cx43 from osteocytes results in defective bone material properties but does not decrease extrinsic

Nicoletta Bivi1, Mark T Nelson, Meghan E Faillace

  • 1Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 635 Barnhill Drive, MS-5035, Indianapolis, IN 46202-5120, USA.

Calcified Tissue International
|August 7, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Connexin 43 (Cx43) deletion in bone cells increases osteocyte apoptosis and cortical bone width. This impairs bone material quality and stiffness, highlighting Cx43

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Area of Science:

  • Bone biology and biomechanics
  • Cellular and molecular mechanisms of bone remodeling

Background:

  • Connexin 43 (Cx43) is a gap junction protein crucial for cell-to-cell communication.
  • Its role in osteoblast and osteocyte function and its impact on bone quality are not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the function of Cx43 in osteoblasts and osteocytes.
  • To determine the effects of Cx43 deletion on cortical bone structure, material properties, and biomechanics.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized genetically modified mouse models (OCN-Cre;Cx43(fl/-) and DMP1-8kb-Cre;Cx43(fl/fl)) lacking Cx43 in specific bone cell populations.
  • Assessed bone structure, mechanical properties (three-point bending), collagen cross-linking, and mineralization using techniques like Fourier transformed infrared imaging (FTIRI).
  • Quantified mRNA levels of lysyl oxidase, an enzyme critical for collagen maturation.

Main Results:

  • Deletion of Cx43 in osteoblasts/osteocytes increased cortical osteocyte apoptosis and femoral midshaft widening.
  • Despite increased structural size, bone mechanical strength was not enhanced due to reduced Young's modulus.
  • Cx43 deficiency led to impaired collagen cross-linking and/or reduced mineralization in cortical bone.
  • Reduced lysyl oxidase mRNA levels were observed in Cx43-deficient osteoblastic and osteocytic cells.

Conclusions:

  • Cx43 in osteoblasts is vital for maintaining cortical bone matrix quality via collagen cross-link maturation.
  • Osteocytic Cx43 is essential for bone material stiffness, with its deficiency potentially causing reduced mineralization due to osteocyte apoptosis.