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Related Concept Videos

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Epidural Anesthesia01:29

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Epidural Anesthesia

Epidural anesthetics are administered in the fat-filled epidural space, the outermost part of the spinal canal. This technique is commonly employed for pain management and anesthesia during lower abdomen and pelvis surgeries or labor and delivery.
Since epidural anesthetics can be infused through an epidural catheter, all types of drugs, including short-acting ones, can be administered. Chloroprocaine and lidocaine are examples of short and long-duration anesthetics, respectively. Bupivacaine...
General Anesthesia: Overview01:24

General Anesthesia: Overview

Anesthesia is a medical procedure that uses drugs for CNS suppression to enable painless surgeries and procedures. The selection of anesthetics is influenced by their pharmacokinetic properties, side effects, and patient characteristics. Various types of anesthesia include general, local, regional, spinal, and inhalational.
General anesthesia induces unconsciousness in the whole body, while the others target specific areas or sensations. It is administered to minimize adverse effects, maintain...
Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Spinal Anesthesia01:11

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Spinal Anesthesia

Spinal anesthetics are given during lower abdomen and limb surgeries to block sensory and motor neurons. They are administered in the mid to low lumbar regions, primarily acting on the cauda equina's nerve roots. The blockade level depends on the local anesthetic (LA) concentration. Usually, low LA concentrations are sufficient to block sensory fibers, while only high LA concentrations block motor fibers. Other factors like injection volume and speed, the patient's posture, and the drug...
Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Intravenous Regional Anesthesia01:16

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Intravenous Regional Anesthesia

Intravenous regional anesthesia or the Bier block technique is used to anesthetize a specific limb or extremity. It uses exsanguinated or blood-drained vessels to transport local anesthetics or LAs to the peripheral nerve trunks. Lidocaine without vasoconstrictors like epinephrine is most commonly used for this technique. Other drugs used are prilocaine, ropivacaine, and chloroprocaine. Bupivacaine is not recommended for this technique due to its high cardiac toxicity.
One of the advantages of...
Inhalational Anesthetics: Overview01:20

Inhalational Anesthetics: Overview

Inhalation anesthetics are drugs that induce general anesthesia upon inhalation. They work by increasing the sensitivity of GABAA receptors or inhibiting NMDA receptors, leading to a decrease in central nervous system activity. The depth of anesthesia can be rapidly adjusted by changing the concentration of the inhaled gas. Some common examples of inhalational anesthetics include volatile liquids like isoflurane, desflurane, sevoflurane and gases like xenon and nitrous oxide. Isoflurane, a...
Local Anesthetics: Differential Sensitivity of Nerve Fibers01:24

Local Anesthetics: Differential Sensitivity of Nerve Fibers

Local anesthetics (LAs) block the sodium channels of nerve trunks, sensory nerve endings, and neuromuscular junctions. Although LAs can block all kinds of nerves, the sensitivity of nerve fibers differs according to nerve types and structures. LAs are known to block myelinated fibers faster than unmyelinated ones. Also, they block pain or sensory neurons at low concentrations without affecting the motor neurons involved in muscle contractions. This helps relieve labor pain without affecting the...

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Related Experiment Video

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Use of a Low-flow Digital Anesthesia System for Mice and Rats
08:06

Use of a Low-flow Digital Anesthesia System for Mice and Rats

Published on: September 7, 2016

Two open access, high-quality datasets from anesthetic records.

David Cumin1, Vanessa Newton-Wade, Michael J Harrison

  • 1Centre for Medical and Health Science Education, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand. d.cumin@auckland.ac.nz

Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association : JAMIA
|August 7, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Researchers created a public dataset of high-quality physiologic and event data from anesthesia cases. This accessible data aims to accelerate future research by reducing data collection time and costs.

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Area of Science:

  • Anesthesiology
  • Medical Informatics
  • Data Science

Background:

  • High-quality repositories for physiologic and clinical intervention data from surgical cases are scarce.
  • Data reuse can significantly reduce research time and financial costs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a structured, easy-to-use dataset of high-quality time-series physiologic and event data from anesthetic cases.
  • To facilitate wider research community access to de-identified clinical data.

Main Methods:

  • Data from surgical operations under general anesthesia were collected with ethics committee approval.
  • Physiologic data, drug administrations, events, and clinician comments were de-identified.
  • Data were formatted into a combined CSV/XML structure for public availability.

Main Results:

  • Two datasets were compiled for 34 patients, including time-series physiologic data and time-stamped events.
  • One dataset contained 400 physiologic signals, 274 events, and 597 drug administrations for 20 patients.
  • Another dataset included 23 physiologic signals and 286 comments for 14 patients, spanning up to 69 hours.

Conclusions:

  • An effective approach for collecting, de-identifying, and storing high-quality surgical anesthesia datasets has been demonstrated.
  • The developed data format facilitates access and manipulation for research purposes.
  • Future work will focus on developing data visualization tools and quality control measures.