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Related Concept Videos

Primary Lymphoid Organs01:16

Primary Lymphoid Organs

Primary lymphoid organs are pivotal in the formation, development, and maturation of lymphocytes, the white blood cells that serve as the backbone of our immune system. This crucial function underscores their fundamental role in maintaining our overall health and immunity. The two primary lymphoid organs of prime importance are the red bone marrow and the thymus.
The red bone marrow is a soft, spongy tissue nestled in the interior of long bones such as the humerus and femur. It is the site...
Secondary Lymphoid Organs01:15

Secondary Lymphoid Organs

Secondary organs, including lymph nodes, the spleen, and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT), work harmoniously to protect us from disease and infection.
The spleen is a vital organ in the lymphatic system, nestled in the upper left side of the abdomen. It is composed of two primary regions: the red pulp and the white pulp, each having distinct functions. The red pulp performs a significant role in blood filtration. It efficiently purges the blood of old or damaged red blood cells and...
Lymphoid Cells and Tissues01:18

Lymphoid Cells and Tissues

Lymphoid cells and tissues are integral to the immune system, which is crucial in maintaining our body's defense against harmful pathogens. They form the building blocks of lymphoid organs, which include the spleen, thymus, and lymph nodes.
Lymphoid cells consist of various types of immune system cells. These include B and T lymphocytes, which are responsible for producing antibodies and killing infected cells, respectively. Dendritic cells act as messengers between the innate and adaptive...
Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response01:23

Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response

The T and B lymphocytes of the adaptive immune system develop from common lymphoid progenitor cells in the bone marrow. These progenitors give rise to precursors that eventually develop into both T and B lymphocytes. As these precursors mature, they gain the ability to detect and respond to foreign antigens in the body, a process known as immunocompetence. Additionally, these precursors acquire self-tolerance, a process that ensures they do not react to self-antigens. This intricate system...
Graves' Disease I: Introduction01:28

Graves' Disease I: Introduction

Graves' disease is an autoimmune disorder that causes hyperthyroidism, or overactivity of the thyroid gland. It results from autoantibodies called thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSIs), which bind to thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) receptors, leading to overstimulation of hormone production and a hypermetabolic state.EtiologyAlthough considered idiopathic, Graves’ disease has well-established contributing factors. There is a strong genetic component, with increased prevalence in...
B Cell Activation and Differentiation01:24

B Cell Activation and Differentiation

The adaptive immune response, a sophisticated defense mechanism, relies on the activation and differentiation of B lymphocytes, or B cells. These processes enable our bodies to mount a tailored response against specific pathogens such as bacteria, free virus particles, toxins, and parasites.
When naive B cells encounter a specific antigen that can bind to the B cell receptor (BCR) on their surface, they undergo sensitization to respond to the antigen's presence. Sensitization begins with...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 19, 2026

Tumor Engraftment in a Xenograft Mouse Model of Human Mantle Cell Lymphoma
10:52

Tumor Engraftment in a Xenograft Mouse Model of Human Mantle Cell Lymphoma

Published on: March 30, 2018

Hodgkin lymphoma.

Paolo G Gobbi1, Andrés J M Ferreri, Maurilio Ponzoni

  • 1Divisione di Medicina Interna e Gastroenterologia, Università di Pavia, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo, Pavia, Italy.

Critical Reviews in Oncology/Hematology
|August 8, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) is a curable cancer with improving survival rates. Treatment strategies are evolving, focusing on risk stratification and minimizing late toxicities for better patient outcomes.

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Last Updated: May 19, 2026

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Published on: March 30, 2018

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08:53

Flow-sorting and Exome Sequencing of the Reed-Sternberg Cells of Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma

Published on: June 10, 2017

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Area of Science:

  • Hematology
  • Oncology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) is a curable malignancy with a bimodal incidence pattern.
  • Epstein-Barr virus is a putative factor in HL development.
  • The WHO 2008 classification defines two main histological types: nodular lymphocyte predominant and classic HL.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an overview of Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) classification, presentation, staging, and treatment.
  • To discuss the role of (18)FDG-PET in HL management.
  • To highlight current and emerging therapeutic strategies and their impact on survival and toxicity.

Main Methods:

  • Review of Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) diagnostic criteria and staging systems (Ann Arbor, Cotswolds).
  • Discussion of treatment modalities including chemotherapy (ABVD, BEACOPP), radiation, and stem cell transplantation (ASCT, allogeneic).
  • Emphasis on the role of (18)FDG-PET in staging, response assessment, and prognosis.

Main Results:

  • Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) typically presents as asymptomatic lymphadenopathy, with decreasing mortality and a 5-year survival rate of 81%.
  • Standard treatment for early-stage HL is ABVD chemotherapy with involved-field irradiation, achieving >95% 5-year survival.
  • High-dose chemotherapy with ASCT is standard for relapsed/refractory HL; allogeneic transplant is an option for chemorefractory cases.

Conclusions:

  • Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) treatment is evolving, with ongoing trials exploring less intensive or more intensified regimens based on risk stratification and interim PET results.
  • Minimizing late toxicities is a key consideration in treatment strategy development.
  • Advances in staging and treatment have significantly improved Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) outcomes.