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Increased Intracranial Pressure ll: Pathophysiology01:29

Increased Intracranial Pressure ll: Pathophysiology

Increased intracranial pressure (ICP) refers to a potentially life-threatening rise in pressure inside the skull. This usually happens when there is a major change in the volume of brain tissue, blood, or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) — the three components inside the skull. According to the Monro-Kellie doctrine, if the volume of one component increases, the volumes of the other components must decrease to maintain normal pressure. If this does not happen, ICP rises.The process often begins with...
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Bacterial meningitis typically begins when pathogens such as Neisseria meningitidis and Streptococcus pneumoniae colonize the nasopharynx and invade the bloodstream. This process is facilitated by bacterial virulence factors, such as polysaccharide capsules, which resist phagocytosis and complement-mediated killing. Less commonly, bacteria reach the central nervous system via contiguous spread from infections like otitis media or sinusitis, through congenital or acquired dural defects, or...
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Pathophysiology of Vomiting

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Ischemic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology01:15

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 19, 2026

3D-Neuronavigation In Vivo Through a Patient's Brain During a Spontaneous Migraine Headache
10:39

3D-Neuronavigation In Vivo Through a Patient's Brain During a Spontaneous Migraine Headache

Published on: June 2, 2014

Migraine diagnosis and pathophysiology.

Thomas N Ward1

  • 1Department of Neurology, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, USA. Thomas.N.Ward@hitchcock.org

Continuum (Minneapolis, Minn.)
|August 8, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Migraine prevention drugs may work by altering cortical spreading depression thresholds. Understanding migraine involves genetics, pathophysiology, and triggers like nitric oxide and estrogen.

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Neuroscience
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Headache, particularly migraine, is a complex neurological condition.
  • Advances in understanding have been made over recent decades.
  • Tools like the International Classification of Headache Disorders aid diagnosis.

Observation:

  • Cortical spreading depression is identified as a primary trigger for migraine events.
  • While vascular changes occur, they are not directly time-locked with head pain.
  • Animal models indicate migraine prevention drugs may elevate the threshold for cortical spreading depression.

Findings:

  • Migraine pathophysiology involves an interplay between host susceptibility and environmental triggers.
  • Key mediators include nitric oxide and calcitonin gene-related peptide.

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 19, 2026

3D-Neuronavigation In Vivo Through a Patient's Brain During a Spontaneous Migraine Headache
10:39

3D-Neuronavigation In Vivo Through a Patient's Brain During a Spontaneous Migraine Headache

Published on: June 2, 2014

Dural Stimulation and Periorbital von Frey Testing in Mice As a Preclinical Model of Headache
05:40

Dural Stimulation and Periorbital von Frey Testing in Mice As a Preclinical Model of Headache

Published on: July 29, 2021

Ex Vivo Release of Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide from the Trigeminovascular System in Rodents
08:39

Ex Vivo Release of Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide from the Trigeminovascular System in Rodents

Published on: May 16, 2022

  • Estrogen plays a role in modulating migraine susceptibility.

    • Implications:

    • Improved diagnostic tools like the International Classification of Headache Disorders enhance clinical practice.
    • Understanding the mechanisms of migraine can lead to more targeted and effective therapeutic strategies.
    • Further research into genetic and molecular pathways is crucial for developing novel migraine treatments.