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Related Concept Videos

Global Climate Change01:50

Global Climate Change

Throughout its ~4.5 billion year history, the Earth has experienced periods of warming and cooling. However, the current drastic increase in global temperatures is well outside of the Earth’s cyclic norms, and evidence for human-caused global climate change is compelling. Paleoclimatology, the study of ancient climate conditions, provides ample evidence for human-caused global climate change by comparing recent conditions with those in the past.
What is Climate?01:16

What is Climate?

Climate refers to the prevailing weather conditions in a specific area over an extended period. As the saying goes, “Climate is what you expect. Weather is what you get.” Climate is influenced by geographic factors, such as latitude, terrain, and proximity to bodies of water.
Microbes and Climate Change01:27

Microbes and Climate Change

Microorganisms are pivotal agents in Earth's biogeochemical cycles, significantly influencing climate dynamics through their metabolic activities. These microbes modulate the levels of key greenhouse gases by both contributing to and helping mitigate climate change.Microbial Contributions to Greenhouse Gas EmissionsRising global temperatures accelerate microbial metabolism, which, in turn, speeds up the decomposition of organic matter. This process releases carbon dioxide (CO₂) through...
Radiation: Applications01:17

Radiation: Applications

The average temperature of Earth is the subject of much current discussion. Earth is in radiative contact with both the Sun and dark space; it receives almost all its energy from the radiation of the Sun and reflects some of it into outer space. Dark space is very cold, about 3 K, so Earth radiates energy into it. For instance, heat transfer occurs from soil and grasses, the rate of which can be so rapid that frost can occur on clear summer evenings, even in warm latitudes.
The average...
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Overview
The Carbon Cycle01:14

The Carbon Cycle

Carbon is the basis of all organic matter on Earth, and is recycled through the ecosystem in two primary processes: one in which carbon is exchanged among living organisms, and one in which carbon is cycled over long periods of time through fossilized organic remains, weathering of rocks, and volcanic activity. Human activities, including increased agricultural practices and the burning of fossil fuels, has greatly affected the balance of the natural carbon cycle.

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Monitoring Pedogenic Inorganic Carbon Accumulation Due to Weathering of Amended Silicate Minerals in Agricultural Soils.
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Geoengineering the climate: an overview and update.

J G Shepherd1

  • 1School of Ocean and Earth Science, National Oceanography Centre, University of Southampton, European Way, Southampton SO14 3ZH, UK. j.g.shepherd@noc.soton.ac.uk

Philosophical Transactions. Series A, Mathematical, Physical, and Engineering Sciences
|August 8, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Geoengineering offers potential climate intervention but is not a substitute for reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Further research and international governance are crucial for its responsible consideration.

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Published on: November 21, 2015

Area of Science:

  • Climate Science
  • Environmental Engineering
  • Policy Studies

Background:

  • Human activities like burning fossil fuels have increased greenhouse gases, driving climate change.
  • Global warming exceeding 2°C poses significant risks, necessitating urgent action.
  • Despite international efforts, global CO2 emissions continue to rise, prompting consideration of geoengineering.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review geoengineering approaches, including carbon dioxide removal and solar radiation management.
  • To assess the climate effects, costs, risks, and governance needs of geoengineering.
  • To discuss geoengineering's role alongside emissions reductions and review governance initiatives.

Main Methods:

  • Review of findings from the UK Royal Society's 2009 geoengineering review.
  • Analysis of technical feasibility, effectiveness, costs, and impacts.
  • Examination of social, legal, political, and international implications.

Main Results:

  • Geoengineering is technically feasible but not a standalone solution; emissions reduction remains the priority.
  • Significant uncertainties and risks exist regarding effectiveness, costs, and environmental impacts.
  • Extensive research, public engagement, and regulatory frameworks are essential.

Conclusions:

  • Geoengineering may support emissions reductions but requires careful consideration of its limitations.
  • Social, legal, and political factors are as critical as scientific ones in determining acceptability.
  • International collaboration is vital for responsible research and potential deployment of geoengineering methods.