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Biological Effects of Radiation

Biological Effects of Radiation

All radioactive nuclides emit high-energy particles or electromagnetic waves. When this radiation encounters living cells, it can cause heating, break chemical bonds, or ionize molecules. The most serious biological damage results when these radioactive emissions fragment or ionize molecules. For example, α and β particles emitted from nuclear decay reactions possess much higher energies than ordinary chemical bond energies. When these particles strike and penetrate matter, they produce ions...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 19, 2026

Expedited Radiation Biodosimetry by Automated Dicentric Chromosome Identification (ADCI) and Dose Estimation

Expedited Radiation Biodosimetry by Automated Dicentric Chromosome Identification (ADCI) and Dose Estimation

Published on: September 4, 2017

Biological microdosimetry based on radiation cytotoxicity data.

B R Scott¹, J Hutt, Y Lin

¹Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, NM, USA. bscott@lrri.org

Radiation Protection Dosimetry

|August 8, 2012

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers introduce a new metric, single-event hit size (q), to better explain radiation

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Diffuse Optical Spectroscopy for the Quantitative Assessment of Acute Ionizing Radiation Induced Skin Toxicity Using a Mouse Model

Diffuse Optical Spectroscopy for the Quantitative Assessment of Acute Ionizing Radiation Induced Skin Toxicity Using a Mouse Model

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Last Updated: May 19, 2026

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Irradiator Commissioning and Dosimetry for Assessment of LQ α and β Parameters, Radiation Dosing Schema, and in vivo Dose Deposition

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Diffuse Optical Spectroscopy for the Quantitative Assessment of Acute Ionizing Radiation Induced Skin Toxicity Using a Mouse Model

Diffuse Optical Spectroscopy for the Quantitative Assessment of Acute Ionizing Radiation Induced Skin Toxicity Using a Mouse Model

Published on: May 27, 2016

Area of Science:

Radiation biology
Radiation physics
Biophysics

Background:

Traditional radiation microdosimetry uses lineal energy (y) to explain relative biological effectiveness (RBE).
Lineal energy (y) only accounts for physical stochasticity, neglecting biological factors like cell geometry.
Existing models fail to fully capture the biological impact of varying radiation sources.

Purpose of the Study:

Introduce a doubly stochastic microdose metric, single-event hit size (q), to incorporate biological stochasticity.
Develop a new cytotoxicity model for low-dose ionising photon radiation.
Determine the relative biological effectiveness (RBE) using the novel metric.

Main Methods:

Introduced the single-event hit size (q = ε/T) metric, allowing for stochastic track length (T).
Developed a metabolic-activity-based in vitro cytotoxicity model.
Calculated q spectra and RBE for 320-kV X-rays and (137)Cs gamma rays.

Main Results:

The new metric (q) accounts for both physical and biological stochasticity in radiation energy deposition.
The cytotoxicity model utilizes average single-event hit size (E{q}) and biological signature (E{α}).
Generated q spectra for X-rays and gamma rays, showing similarity to published lineal energy (y) spectra.

Conclusions:

The single-event hit size (q) metric offers a more comprehensive approach to radiation microdosimetry.
This model provides a biological-microdosimetry basis for determining RBE.
The findings suggest q spectra can be used to predict the biological effectiveness of different radiation types.