Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 19, 2026

Improving IV Insulin Administration in a Community Hospital
12:08

Improving IV Insulin Administration in a Community Hospital

Published on: June 11, 2012

Persistent hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia of infancy: An overview of current concepts

Prabudh Goel1, Subhasis Roy Choudhury

  • 1Department of Pediatric Surgery, Lady Hardinge Medical College and Associated Kalawati Saran Children's Hospital, New Delhi, India.

Journal of Indian Association of Pediatric Surgeons
|August 8, 2012
PubMed

Insights

Persistent hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia of infancy (PHHI) causes severe neonatal hypoglycemia, risking neurological damage. Early recognition and treatment are crucial to prevent severe infant complications and the need for risky pancreatectomy.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Neonatology
  • Endocrinology

Background:

  • Persistent hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia of infancy (PHHI) is a rare but critical cause of severe neonatal hypoglycemia.
  • Untreated PHHI can lead to severe neurological deficits, including psychomotor retardation, and can be life-threatening.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and consolidate current knowledge on the pathogenesis of PHHI.
  • To provide an overview of the management strategies for PHHI.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of traditional concepts and recent information on PHHI.
  • Synthesis of data on PHHI pathogenesis and clinical management.

Main Results:

  • PHHI requires timely recognition and effective treatment to prevent severe infant neurological damage.
  • Intractable cases may necessitate near-total pancreatectomy, risking diabetes mellitus or recurrent hypoglycemia.

Conclusions:

  • Effective management of PHHI is essential to mitigate severe neonatal complications.
  • Understanding PHHI pathogenesis aids in developing optimal treatment protocols.

Keywords:
Hypoglycemia of infancynear-total pancreatectomynesidioblastosis

More Related Videos

Hyperglycemic Clamp and Hypoglycemic Clamp in Conscious Mice07:35

Hyperglycemic Clamp and Hypoglycemic Clamp in Conscious Mice

Published on: January 26, 2024

Hyperinsulinemic-Euglycemic Clamp in the Conscious Rat11:12

Hyperinsulinemic-Euglycemic Clamp in the Conscious Rat

Published on: February 7, 2011

Related Concept Videos

Hypoglycemia and Glucagon01:15

Hypoglycemia and Glucagon

Without prolonged fasting, healthy individuals maintain blood glucose levels above 3.5 mM due to a well-adapted neuroendocrine counterregulatory system that effectively prevents acute hypoglycemia, a potentially life-threatening condition. The primary clinical scenarios for hypoglycemia encompass diabetes treatment, inappropriate production of endogenous insulin or insulin-like substances by tumors, and the use of glucose-lowering agents in non-diabetic individuals. Notably, hypoglycemia in the...
Hypoglycemia01:26

Hypoglycemia

Hypoglycemia is a blood glucose level below 70 mg/dL. It commonly occurs in individuals using insulin or insulin-secreting drugs, but may also arise in non-diabetic conditions. People with type 1 diabetes are at the highest risk because they depend on exogenous insulin. People with type 2 diabetes are also at risk, especially when treated with insulin or medications such as sulfonylureas, which increase insulin release regardless of blood glucose levels. It develops when insulin levels exceed...
Hyperglycemia01:29

Hyperglycemia

Hyperglycemia is an abnormally high blood glucose level. It is diagnosed by fasting glucose ≥126 mg/dL, 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test (or OGTT) ≥200 mg/dL, random glucose ≥200 mg/dL with symptoms, or HbA1c ≥6.5%. However, HbA1c results may be unreliable in certain conditions, such as anemia or hemoglobinopathies, and the diagnosis should be confirmed unless classic symptoms are present. Postprandial hyperglycemia is typically considered significant when glucose levels exceed 180 mg/dL two...
Diabetes Mellitus: Introduction01:26

Diabetes Mellitus: Introduction

Diabetes mellitus consists of chronic metabolic disorders characterized by persistent hyperglycemia. This elevated blood glucose results from defects in insulin secretion, impaired insulin action, or both. Insulin, produced by pancreatic β-cells, is essential for maintaining glucose homeostasis by facilitating cellular glucose uptake for energy or storage. Disruptions in insulin production or function lead to glucose accumulation in the bloodstream, causing the clinical features and long-term...
Diabetes Mellitus: Overview and Type I Subtype01:22

Diabetes Mellitus: Overview and Type I Subtype

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by high blood glucose levels due to inadequate insulin production, insulin resistance, or both. The condition affects millions worldwide and can significantly impact their health and quality of life.
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. As a result, the body is unable to produce sufficient insulin, and individuals with...
Type I Diabetes I: Introduction01:12

Type I Diabetes I: Introduction

Type 1 diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by an absolute deficiency of insulin resulting from the autoimmune destruction of pancreatic β-cells. Although it can occur at any age, it is most commonly diagnosed in childhood, adolescence, or early adulthood. The loss of insulin production impairs cellular glucose uptake, resulting in persistent hyperglycemia and necessitating lifelong insulin therapy.Autoimmune Destruction of β-CellsThe hallmark of type 1 diabetes is an...