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Role of Skin in Vitamin D Synthesis

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Vitamin D4 in mushrooms.

Katherine M Phillips1, Ronald L Horst, Nicholas J Koszewski

  • 1Biochemistry Department, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America. kmpvpi@vt.edu

Plos One
|August 8, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Researchers discovered vitamin D(4) (22-dihydroergocalciferol) in various edible mushrooms, particularly those exposed to UV light. This finding impacts vitamin D analysis in mushrooms, requiring method adjustments for accurate quantification.

Area of Science:

  • Food Science
  • Nutritional Biochemistry
  • Analytical Chemistry

Background:

  • Edible mushrooms are a potential source of vitamin D.
  • Analysis of vitamin D(2) in mushrooms is common for food composition studies.
  • Previous studies have not widely reported or quantified vitamin D(4) in mushrooms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify and quantify an unknown vitamin D compound found in edible mushrooms.
  • To determine the prevalence and levels of vitamin D(4) in various mushroom types.
  • To assess the implications of vitamin D(4) presence for routine vitamin D analysis in mushrooms.

Main Methods:

  • High-performance liquid chromatography with UV detection (HPLC-UV) for initial detection.
  • Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) for compound confirmation.

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  • Quantification using HPLC-UV with vitamin D(3) as an internal standard.

    • Main Results:

    • An unknown vitamin D compound was identified as vitamin D(4) (22-dihydroergocalciferol).
    • Vitamin D(4) was detected in 18 out of 71 mushroom composites, across multiple types except white button.
    • Highest levels of vitamin D(4) were found in UV-exposed mushrooms (e.g., UV-treated portabella, maitake).
    • In some oyster mushroom samples, vitamin D(4) levels exceeded those of vitamin D(2).
    • The precursor, 22,23-dihydroergosterol, was present in all analyzed mushroom composites.

    Conclusions:

    • Vitamin D(4) is present in various edible mushrooms, especially those exposed to UV light.
    • The presence of vitamin D(4) necessitates method validation for accurate vitamin D(2) and D(3) analysis in mushrooms.
    • Analytical methods for vitamin D in mushrooms should account for potential co-elution of D(3) and D(4).