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Related Concept Videos

Role of Microtubules in Cell Wall Deposition01:02

Role of Microtubules in Cell Wall Deposition

Microtubules are small hollow tubes in eukaryotic cells. The cell wall microtubules are polymerized dimers of two globular proteins, α-tubulin and β-tubulin, two globular proteins. With a diameter of about 25 nm, microtubules are the widest components of the cytoskeleton. They help the cell resist compression and provide a track along which vesicles move through the cell or pull replicated chromosomes to opposite ends of a dividing cell. Microtubules go through quick cycles of disassembly and...
Cellulose and Pectic Polysaccharides01:15

Cellulose and Pectic Polysaccharides

Every plant cell has a cell wall that protects the cell, provides structural support, and gives the cell shape. Cellulose, the main structural component of the plant cell wall, makes up over 30% of plant matter. It is the most abundant organic compound on earth.  Cellulose is an unbranched polysaccharide composed of linear chains of glucose molecules linked by β (1→4) glycosidic bonds.
As a cell matures, its cell wall specializes according to its type. For example, the parenchyma cells of...

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Updated: May 19, 2026

Bacterial Cellulose Spheres that Encapsulate Solid Materials
04:42

Bacterial Cellulose Spheres that Encapsulate Solid Materials

Published on: February 26, 2021

Enhanced cellulose degradation using cellulase-nanosphere complexes.

Craig Blanchette1, Catherine I Lacayo, Nicholas O Fischer

  • 1Physical and Life Sciences, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California. blanchette2@llnl.gov

Plos One
|August 8, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Nanoparticle-bound cellulase enzymes show enhanced efficiency in breaking down plant biomass for biofuel production. This approach improves enzyme accessibility to recalcitrant cellulose structures, paving the way for more economical biofuel generation.

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Highly Stable, Functional Hairy Nanoparticles and Biopolymers from Wood Fibers: Towards Sustainable Nanotechnology
11:32

Highly Stable, Functional Hairy Nanoparticles and Biopolymers from Wood Fibers: Towards Sustainable Nanotechnology

Published on: July 20, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Biotechnology
  • Biochemistry
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Enzyme-catalyzed conversion of plant biomass to sugars is inefficient due to physical barriers in plant cell walls.
  • Current industrial enzymes struggle with accessibility to cellulose, limiting economical biofuel production.
  • Bacterial cellulosomes offer a model for efficient cellulose degradation through clustered enzyme organization.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To mimic bacterial cellulosomes by conjugating cellulase to nanospheres.
  • To evaluate the hydrolytic activity of nanoparticle-bound cellulase on various cellulose substrates.
  • To assess the potential of nanoparticle-enzyme complexes for improved biofuel production.

Main Methods:

  • Conjugation of cellulase from Trichoderma viride to polystyrene nanospheres (cellulase:NS).
  • Testing hydrolytic activity of cellulase:NS complexes on soluble carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and microcrystalline cellulose.
  • Evaluating cellulase:NS efficiency on natural cellulose structures in cultured wood cells.

Main Results:

  • Cellulase:NS and free cellulase showed equal activity on soluble CMC.
  • The cellulase:NS complex exhibited higher affinity and efficiency on microcrystalline cellulose.
  • The complex demonstrated superior degradation of natural cellulose in wood cell walls.

Conclusions:

  • Nanoparticle-bound enzymes can enhance catalytic efficiency on physically challenging substrates.
  • Clustering enzymes on nanospheres improves accessibility and degradation of recalcitrant cellulose.
  • Cellulase:NS complexes hold potential for advancing biofuel production technologies.