Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Wilcoxon Signed-Ranks Test for Matched Pairs01:09

Wilcoxon Signed-Ranks Test for Matched Pairs

The Wilcoxon signed-rank test for matched pairs evaluates the null hypothesis by combining the ranks of differences with their signs. It essentially tests whether the median of the differences in a population of matched pairs is zero. Since the test incorporates more information than the sign test, it generally yields more trustable conclusions. This test also does not require the data to follow a normal distribution, but two conditions must be met for it to be applicable: (1) the data must...
Conditions on Early Earth02:06

Conditions on Early Earth

Around 4 billion years ago, oceans began to condense on earth while volcanic eruptions released nitrogen, carbon dioxide, methane, ammonia, and hydrogen into the primordial atmosphere. However, organisms with the characteristics of life were not initially present on earth. Scientists have used experimentation to determine how organisms evolved that could grow, reproduce, and maintain an internal environment.
Conditions on Early Earth02:06

Conditions on Early Earth

Around 4 billion years ago, oceans began to condense on earth while volcanic eruptions released nitrogen, carbon dioxide, methane, ammonia, and hydrogen into the primordial atmosphere. However, organisms with the characteristics of life were not initially present on earth. Scientists have used experimentation to determine how organisms evolved that could grow, reproduce, and maintain an internal environment.
Sign Test for Matched Pairs01:17

Sign Test for Matched Pairs

The sign test for matched pairs offers a robust method for comparing two paired samples, often for the effects of an intervention in one of them. This method is very useful in situations where the underlying distribution of the data is unknown. The test compares two related samples—often pre- and post-treatment measurements on the same subjects—to determine if there are significant differences in their median values.
To conduct the sign test, we first calculate the differences in value between...
Origin of Cellular Life01:24

Origin of Cellular Life

The origin of life on Earth is a complex and enigmatic event rooted in ancient biochemical processes and geological conditions. Experimental evidence supports the hypothesis that life began with the spontaneous formation of organic molecules such as RNA nucleotides, amino acids, and lipids under early Earth conditions. Factors like volcanic activity, intense UV radiation, and a reducing atmosphere without free oxygen likely facilitated these reactions. Hydrothermal vents on the ocean floor are...
Robbers Cave04:49

Robbers Cave

During the 1950s, the landmark Robbers Cave experiment demonstrated that when groups must compete with one another, intergroup conflict, hostility, and even violence may result. At the Oklahoman summer camp, two troops of boys—termed the Rattlers and the Eagles—took part in a week-long tournament. During this time, their negativity culminated in derogatory name-calling, fistfights, and even vandalism and destruction of property. However, this work also revealed that such tension could be...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Natufian sickle blades (ca. 15,000-11,700 cal. BP) reveal cereal cultivation ca. 4.5 millennia before domestication.

Scientific reports·2026
Same author

Geochemical basalt investigation reveals procurement strategy at the Acheulian site of Gesher Benot Ya'aqov, Dead Sea Transform, Israel.

Scientific reports·2026
Same author

Modeling identities among the first-sedentary communities: Emergence of clay personal ornaments in Epipaleolithic Southwest Asia.

Science advances·2026
Same author

A 12,000-year-old clay figurine of a woman and a goose marks symbolic innovations in Southwest Asia.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2025
Same author

Starch-rich plant foods 780,000 y ago: Evidence from Acheulian percussive stone tools.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2025
Same author

12,000-year-old spindle whorls and the innovation of wheeled rotational technologies.

PloS one·2024

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 19, 2026

Daily Transfers, Archiving Populations, and Measuring Fitness in the Long-Term Evolution Experiment with Escherichia coli
15:00

Daily Transfers, Archiving Populations, and Measuring Fitness in the Long-Term Evolution Experiment with Escherichia coli

Published on: August 18, 2023

The earliest matches.

Naama Goren-Inbar1, Michael Freikman, Yosef Garfinkel

  • 1Institute of Archaeology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Mt. Scopus, Jerusalem, Israel. goren@cc.huji.ac.il

Plos One
|August 8, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Archaeologists re-examined ancient cylindrical objects, proposing they were components of fire drills, not cultic items. This suggests a complex fire ignition technology, representing the earliest evidence of such tools.

More Related Videos

Determination of Self- and Inter-(in)compatibility Relationships in Apricot Combining Hand-Pollination, Microscopy and Genetic Analyses
08:08

Determination of Self- and Inter-(in)compatibility Relationships in Apricot Combining Hand-Pollination, Microscopy and Genetic Analyses

Published on: June 16, 2020

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 19, 2026

Daily Transfers, Archiving Populations, and Measuring Fitness in the Long-Term Evolution Experiment with Escherichia coli
15:00

Daily Transfers, Archiving Populations, and Measuring Fitness in the Long-Term Evolution Experiment with Escherichia coli

Published on: August 18, 2023

Determination of Self- and Inter-(in)compatibility Relationships in Apricot Combining Hand-Pollination, Microscopy and Genetic Analyses
08:08

Determination of Self- and Inter-(in)compatibility Relationships in Apricot Combining Hand-Pollination, Microscopy and Genetic Analyses

Published on: June 16, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Archaeology
  • Anthropology
  • Material Science

Background:

  • Yarmukian Pottery Neolithic sites in the Jordan Valley yielded numerous cylindrical objects made of clay or stone.
  • Previous interpretations classified these artifacts as cultic phalli, pestles, or rods.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To re-examine the function and technology of these enigmatic cylindrical objects.
  • To propose a new interpretation of their use in fire ignition.

Main Methods:

  • Detailed artifact re-examination.
  • Comparative analysis with other Near Eastern Neolithic sites.
  • Reconstruction of potential technology and use-wear patterns.

Main Results:

  • The study suggests these objects functioned as components of fire drills.
  • This reinterpretation challenges previous cultic or utilitarian classifications.
  • The findings indicate an early complex fire ignition technology.

Conclusions:

  • The cylindrical objects represent the earliest evidence of fire drill technology.
  • Their role as matches in a fire-starting kit is proposed.
  • This shifts our understanding of Neolithic technological capabilities.