Hand osteoarthritis: new insights.

Area of Science:

• Rheumatology and Osteoarthritis Research
• Molecular Biology and Genetics
• Epidemiology of Musculoskeletal Diseases

Background:

• Hand osteoarthritis (OA) is a prevalent degenerative joint disease, predominantly affecting women.
• It presents heterogeneously with distinct clinical and radiological subsets affecting various hand joints.
• Key affected joints include the thumb base (trapeziometacarpal), metacarpophalangeal, and interphalangeal joints.

Purpose of the Study:

• To provide a comprehensive review of hand OA.
• To highlight recent advancements in understanding its biology and pathophysiology.
• To discuss current and future therapeutic strategies.

Main Methods:

• Literature review focusing on prevalence, diagnosis, imaging, and epidemiology.
• In-depth analysis of recent discoveries in molecular mechanisms, including adipokines and genetics.
• Review of existing and emerging treatment options for hand OA.

Main Results:

• Hand OA is multifactorial with diverse etiologies and subsets.
• Adipokines and genetic factors are increasingly recognized as significant contributors to OA pathogenesis.
• Current treatments offer symptomatic relief, with ongoing research into novel disease-modifying therapies.

Conclusions:

• Understanding the complex etiology and pathophysiology of hand OA is crucial for effective management.
• Emerging research into adipokines and genetics offers promising avenues for future therapeutic development.
• A multidisciplinary approach integrating current treatments with novel strategies is essential for improving patient outcomes.