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Related Concept Videos

Hypertension II: Pathophysiology01:29

Hypertension II: Pathophysiology

Hypertension is a chronic condition in which the blood's force against artery walls is excessively high, posing risks such as heart disease. The condition's underlying mechanisms involve complex interactions among the cardiovascular, kidney, and autonomic nervous systems.Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS): This system significantly influences blood pressure regulation. When blood pressure decreases, the kidneys secrete renin. This enzyme transforms angiotensinogen, a plasma protein,...
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Hypertension and Regulation of Blood Pressure

Hypertension, the most common cardiovascular disease, is diagnosed through repeated measurements of elevated blood pressure. Its risks, including damage to the kidney, heart, and brain, are directly proportional to blood pressure levels. Starting from 115/75 mm Hg, the risk of cardiovascular disease doubles with each increment of 20/10 mm Hg. The diagnosis relies on blood pressure measurements, not on patient symptoms, as hypertension is often asymptomatic until end-organ damage is imminent or...
Coronary Artery Disease II: Pathophysiology01:26

Coronary Artery Disease II: Pathophysiology

Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) originates from a series of events that impair the function of coronary arteries, the blood vessels responsible for delivering oxygen-rich blood to the heart muscle. The pathophysiology of CAD is closely linked to atherosclerosis, a chronic inflammatory and lipid-driven condition affecting the vascular endothelium.1. Endothelial DamageThe process begins with damage to the vascular endothelium, which serves as a protective barrier between the blood and the vessel...
Hypertension III: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies01:30

Hypertension III: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies

Hypertension is asymptomatic and also referred to as the "silent killer" until it progresses to a severe stage or causes target organ disease. Patients may experience symptoms stemming from the strain on blood vessels and tissues in various organs or the heart's increased workload.Physical exams might show no abnormalities other than high blood pressure. Signs of vascular damage, when present, correspond to the organs supplied by the affected vessels, leading to target organ damage. For...
Coronary Artery Disease I: Introduction01:30

Coronary Artery Disease I: Introduction

Coronary Artery Disease (CAD): An Overview with Scientific InsightsCoronary Artery Disease (CAD), often referred to as C-A-D, is a prevalent blood vessel disorder classified under the broader category of atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis is a pathological process characterized by the hardening and narrowing of arteries due to the accumulation of atherosclerotic plaques. These plaques are composed of cholesterol, fatty substances, inflammatory cells, calcium, and fibrin, reducing blood flow to...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 19, 2026

Calcification of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells and Imaging of Aortic Calcification and Inflammation
08:43

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Published on: May 31, 2016

Hypertension and vascular calcification: a vicious cycle?

Marcello Rattazzi1, Elisa Bertacco, Massimo Puato

  • 1Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Treviso, Italy.

Journal of Hypertension
|August 9, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Hypertension causes arterial wall changes that may promote vascular calcification. In turn, calcium deposits worsen hypertension and arterial stiffness, creating a harmful cycle.

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Last Updated: May 19, 2026

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Published on: January 27, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular biology
  • Vascular remodeling
  • Arterial calcification

Background:

  • Hypertension is linked to arterial wall remodeling, altering extracellular matrix and cell phenotypes.
  • Changes like elastin fragment generation and TGF-β activation may predispose arteries to calcification.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the potential vicious cycle between hypertensive arterial damage and vascular calcification.
  • To review clinical and basic science evidence supporting this hypothesis.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing clinical and basic science literature.
  • Analysis of mechanisms linking hypertension-induced arterial changes to calcification.
  • Examination of how vascular calcification impacts blood pressure and arterial elasticity.

Main Results:

  • Hypertension-induced arterial remodeling creates conditions favorable for calcification.
  • Vascular calcification reduces arterial elasticity, contributing to isolated systolic hypertension.
  • Evidence suggests a cyclical relationship where each condition exacerbates the other.

Conclusions:

  • A vicious cycle likely exists between hypertension and vascular calcification.
  • Understanding this cycle is crucial for managing cardiovascular disease.
  • Further research is warranted to elucidate and target this interaction.