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Related Concept Videos

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder01:28

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a mental health condition characterized by recurrent obsessions, compulsions, or both, which consume significant time and interfere with daily functioning. Obsessions involve persistent, intrusive, and unwanted thoughts, images, or urges that evoke anxiety. Common examples include irrational fears of contamination or harm. Compulsions are repetitive behaviors or mental acts performed to reduce the anxiety caused by obsessions. For instance, individuals...
Oppositional Defiant Disorder01:30

Oppositional Defiant Disorder

A persistent pattern of angry or irritable mood, defiant behavior, or vindictiveness characterizes Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD). Symptoms must occur over at least six months, involve interactions with individuals beyond siblings, and meet specific diagnostic criteria to be clinically significant. The disorder affects emotional regulation, social interactions, and behavior, often manifesting early in life and influencing long-term development and functioning.
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Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder01:30

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. It affects approximately 5-8% of children globally, with around 60-70% of cases persisting into adulthood. ADHD has significant implications for educational attainment, social interactions, and occupational success.
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Personality Disorders: Dependent and Obsessive-Compulsive01:24

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Dependent personality disorder and obsessive-compulsive personality disorder are two separate psychological conditions that influence behavior, relationships, and overall life functioning. Though both involve maladaptive behaviors, their core characteristics and motivations differ significantly.
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Introduction to Psychological Disorders01:19

Introduction to Psychological Disorders

Abnormal behavior, often referred to as mental illness, results from changes in brain function that influence thought patterns, behaviors, and social interactions. Psychologists and psychiatrists typically assess abnormal behavior using three primary criteria: deviance, maladaptation, and personal distress, particularly when these traits persist over long periods.
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Signal Attenuation as a Rat Model of Obsessive Compulsive Disorder
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Published on: January 9, 2015

White matter abnormalities in pediatric obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Patricia Gruner1, An Vo, Toshikazu Ikuta

  • 1Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA. pgruner@nshs.edu

Neuropsychopharmacology : Official Publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology
|August 9, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Pediatric obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) shows increased white matter tract coherence in developing brains. This may represent a compensatory mechanism, particularly for cognitive control functions.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
  • Radiology

Background:

  • Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a disabling condition often starting in childhood.
  • White matter abnormalities are suggested in OCD neurobiology, but pediatric studies are limited.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate white matter integrity and its functional correlates in pediatric OCD patients using diffusion tensor imaging.
  • To examine early neurobiological changes in the developing brain of children with OCD.

Main Methods:

  • Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) was performed on 23 pediatric OCD patients and 23 healthy controls (ages 9-17).
  • Neuropsychological tests assessed executive functions, including response inhibition and cognitive control.
  • Symptom severity was measured using the Children's Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (CY-BOCS).

Main Results:

  • Pediatric OCD patients showed significantly higher fractional anisotropy (FA) in the left dorsal cingulum bundle, splenium of the corpus callosum, right corticospinal tract, and left inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus compared to controls.
  • Higher FA in the splenium correlated with greater obsession severity in drug-naïve patients.
  • Increased FA in the dorsal cingulum bundle was associated with better response inhibition and cognitive control performance in patients.

Conclusions:

  • The findings suggest enhanced white matter tract coherence in early-stage pediatric OCD.
  • This increased coherence might function as a compensatory mechanism for cognitive control deficits.
  • Early white matter alterations in pediatric OCD warrant further investigation into their developmental trajectory and impact.