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Related Concept Videos

Sutures of the Skull01:22

Sutures of the Skull

The human skull is composed of several bones that come together to protect the brain and support the structures of the face. The junctions where these bones meet are called sutures.
Sutures are immobile joints between adjacent bones of the skull. The narrow gap between the bones is filled with dense, fibrous connective tissue that unites the bones. The long sutures located between the skull bones are not straight but instead follow irregular, tightly twisting paths. These twisting lines tightly...
Cranial Bones: Lateral View01:27

Cranial Bones: Lateral View

The lateral view of the cranium is dominated by temporal, sphenoid, and ethmoid bones.
The temporal bone forms the lower lateral side of the skull. The temporal bone is subdivided into several regions. The flattened upper portion is the squamous portion of the temporal bone. Below this area and projecting anteriorly is the zygomatic process of the temporal bone, which forms the posterior portion of the zygomatic arch. Posteriorly is the mastoid portion of the temporal bone. Projecting...
Cranial Bones: Superior and Posterior View01:14

Cranial Bones: Superior and Posterior View

The superior view of the cranium shows the frontal and paired parietal bones.
The frontal bone is the single bone that forms the forehead. At its anterior midline, between the eyebrows, there is a slight depression called the glabella. The frontal bone also forms the supraorbital margin of the orbit. Near the middle of this margin is the supraorbital foramen, the opening that provides passage for a sensory nerve to the forehead. The frontal bone is thickened just above each supraorbital margin,...

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Treatment of Facial Deformities using 3D Planning and Printing of Patient-Specific Implants
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Published on: May 23, 2020

External craniofacial osteodistraction in complex craniosynostoses.

Giulio Gasparini1, Concezio Di Rocco, Gianpiero Tamburrini

  • 1Maxillo Facial Surgery, Complesso Integrato Columbus, Catholic University Medical School, Via Giuseppe Moscati 31, 00168, Rome, Italy. giulio.gasparini@rm.unicatt.it

Child'S Nervous System : Chns : Official Journal of the International Society for Pediatric Neurosurgery
|August 9, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

External craniofacial distractor devices (ECDD) offer easier application for craniofacial hypoplasia treatment compared to internal devices (ICDD). However, ECDD may negatively impact patient quality of life during treatment.

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Midface Hypoplasia and Cranial Base Morphology in Syndromic Craniosynostosis: A Comparative Analysis Study Using a Predictive Regression Model
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Midface Hypoplasia and Cranial Base Morphology in Syndromic Craniosynostosis: A Comparative Analysis Study Using a Predictive Regression Model

Published on: November 4, 2025

Area of Science:

  • Craniofacial Surgery
  • Orthodontics
  • Pediatric Plastic Surgery

Background:

  • Distraction osteogenesis is a primary treatment for craniofacial hypoplasia.
  • Both internal and external distractor devices significantly improve visual and respiratory functions.
  • These devices also enhance cosmetic outcomes in patients with craniofacial synostosis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review literature on external craniofacial distractor devices (ECDD) for complex craniostenosis.
  • To compare surgical data and quality of life outcomes of ECDD with internal craniofacial distractor devices (ICDD).

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies using ECDD in complex craniostenosis.
  • Analysis and comparison of surgical data and quality of life metrics.

Main Results:

  • ECDD demonstrate comparable distraction osteogenesis extent and quality to ICDD.
  • ECDD offer simpler application and postoperative management than ICDD.
  • Patient quality of life during distraction is frequently reported as worse with ECDD compared to ICDD.

Conclusions:

  • ECDD provide a viable alternative to ICDD in treating craniofacial hypoplasia.
  • While surgically effective, the impact of ECDD on quality of life requires careful consideration.
  • Future research should focus on optimizing ECDD to mitigate negative quality of life effects.